多点流场压力实时测量系统的设计和实现

多点流场压力实时测量系统的研制是为了测量某设备内部的各种液体或气体等参数的流动情况，实时地监测设备内部的流动参数的变化情况，准确得到压力测量值，并对所测的压力分布数据进行分析、判断，找出流场参数对设备性能的影响。     

First-principles study of structural and opto-electronic characteristics of ultra-thin amorphous carbon films

Most amorphous carbon(a-C)applications require films with ultra-thin thicknesses;however,the electronic structure and opto-electronic characteristics of such films remain unclear so far.To address this issue,we developed a theoretical model based on the density functional theory and molecular dynamic simulations,in order to calculate the electronic structure and opto-electronic characteristics of the ultra-thin a-C films at different densities and temperatures.Temperature was found to have a weak influence over the resulting electronic structure and opto-electronic characteristics,whereas density had a significant influence on these aspects.The volume fraction of sp3 bonding increased with density,whereas that of sp2 bonding initially increased,reached a peak value of 2.52 g/cm³,and then decreased rapidly.Moreover,the extinction coefficients of the ultra-thin a-C films were found to be density-sensitive in the long-wavelength regime.This implies that switching the volume ratio of sp2 to sp3 bonding can effectively alter the transmittances of ultra-thin a-C films,and this can serve as a novel approach toward photonic memory applications.Nevertheless,the electrical resistivity of the ultra-thin a-C films appeared independent of temperature.This implicitly indicates that the electrical switching behavior of a-C films previously utilized for non-volatile storage applications is likely due to an electrically induced effect and not a purely thermal consequence.     

Fabrication and investigation of ferroelectric memristors with various synaptic plasticities

In the post-Moore era, neuromorphic computing has been mainly focused on breaking the von Neumann bottlenecks. Memristors have been proposed as a key part of neuromorphic computing architectures, and can be used to emulate the synaptic plasticities of the human brain. Ferroelectric memristors represent a breakthrough for memristive devices on account of their reliable nonvolatile storage, low write/read latency and tunable conductive states. However, among the reported ferroelectric memristors, the mechanisms of resistive switching are still under debate. In addition, there needs to be more research on emulation of the brain synapses using ferroelectric memristors. Herein, Cu/PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ (PZT)/Pt ferroelectric memristors have been fabricated. The devices are able to realize the transformation from threshold switching behavior to resistive switching behavior. The synaptic plasticities, including excitatory post-synaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, paired-pulse depression and spike time-dependent plasticity, have been mimicked by the PZT devices. Furthermore, the mechanisms of PZT devices have been investigated by first-principles calculations based on the interface barrier and conductive filament models. This work may contribute to the application of ferroelectric memristors in neuromorphic computing systems.     

稀土氧化物上SO2和NO的催化还原 Ⅱ.用CO作还原剂的脱硫及反应机理

采用连续流动固定床石英反应器,在反应气体为１％ＳＯ２和２％ＣＯ,流量为１８０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,以及催化剂用量为０．５ｇ的条件下,考察了经活化处理的稀土系列氧化物对ＣＯ还原ＳＯ２的催化活性,探讨了空速、温度和水蒸气等因素对反应的影响,所研究的样品依据对ＳＯ２的转化能力可分为三组：高活性的镧、镨、钕、钐、铕和钆氧化物;低活性的铈、狄和铒氧化物;无活性的铽和氧化物,在活性最高的钕和钐氧化物样品上,４５０℃时ＳＯ２的转化率〉９８％,反应过程中,活性相为稀土氧硫化物,反应遵从ＣＯＳ中间物机理。     

稀土氧化物上SO2和NO的催化还原Ⅱ.用CO作还原剂的脱硫及反应机理

采用连续流动固定床石英反应器,在反应气体为1%SO2和2%CO, 流量为180 ml/min, 以及催化剂用量为0.5 g的条件下,考察了经活化处理的稀土系列氧化物对CO还原SO2的催化活性,探讨了空速、温度和水蒸气等因素对反应的影响.所研究的样品依据对SO2的转化能力可分为三组: 高活性的镧、镨、钕、钐、铕和钆氧化物; 低活性的铈、钬和铒氧化物; 无活性的铽和镝氧化物.在活性最高的钕和钐氧化物样品上, 450 ℃时SO2的转化率＞98%.反应过程中,活性相为稀土氧硫化物,反应遵从COS中间物机理.     

基于RBF神经网络的超导风力发电系统变速控制研究

超导同步发电机(SCSG)以其功率密度大,重量轻,体积小,寿命长的特点,已经被用来研究超大型海上风力发电机组.文章首先介绍了一种将高温超导材料应用于大型风力发电机组的技术,分析了高温超导发电机的结构和特点,基于FAST和Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建SCSG风力发电机组的数学模型和速度控制模块,其次针对SCSG模型存在高阶,非线性时变的特性,在速度控制环中引入了基于Delta学习规则的单神经元自适应PID控制算法,其中RBF网络用于控制参数的辨识整定.模拟实验结果表明,相对于传统PID控制,该算法可以使SCSG速度更好地跟踪风速,保持稳定的最佳叶尖速比和最大功率系数,从而实现最大风能利用.     

Statistical distribution based detector response function of a Si(PIN) detector for K_α and K_β X-ray

A semi-empirical detector response function (DRF) model of a Si (PIN) detector is proposed to fit element Kα and Kβ X-ray spectra, which is based on the statistical distribution analytic (SDA) method. The model for each single peak contains a step function, a Gaussian function, and an exponential tail function. Parameters in the model are obtained by the weighted nonlinear least-squares fitting method. In the application, six kinds of elements’ characteristic X-ray spectra are obtained by using the Si (PIN) detector, and fitted by the established DRF model. Reduced chi-square values are at the interval of 1.11-1.25. Other applications of the method are also discussed.     

PbO对YAG∶Ce3+发光性能的影响

在YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉中加入黄色PbO,得到YAG∶Ce3+,Pb2+荧光粉。比较了PbO掺入前后荧光粉的发射光谱,结果表明:PbO的加入可以使Ce3+的黄光发射发生红移,增加了光谱的红光成分;同时,Ce3+的发射强度也有所增加,形貌表明PbO可能起助熔作用,在PbO的含量为5%时,强度增加10%。比较YAG∶Ce3+,Pb2+和YAG∶Ce3+的温度特性曲线,证明YAG∶Ce3+,Pb2+荧光粉的温度特性好于YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉。     

醇热反应低温合成锰钴镍热敏薄膜

锰钴镍复合氧化物是一种具有半导体性质的热敏材料. 本文采用金属有机沉积技术于室温条件下、在Si衬底上沉积一定 厚度的Mn_1.74Co_0.72Ni_0.54O₄金属 有机化合物薄膜, 并通过醇热反应进行低温结晶化合成, 可得到Mn_1.74Co_0.72Ni_0.54O₄结晶薄膜. 通过X 射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM) 以及阻温特性等测试方法表征, 讨论了醇热反应对锰钴镍热敏薄膜的物相结构、微观形貌以及电学性能的影响. X射线衍射图显示薄膜已出现尖晶石结构的特征峰. 电镜照片说明结晶薄膜的表面较为平整、孔隙率低. 阻温特性关系表明薄膜具有明显的负温度系数效应, 室温(≈27°) 电阻率约为303.13 Ω·cm. 关键词： 醇热反应 锰钴镍薄膜 热敏电阻 低温合成