气相色谱-电子轰击离子源质谱法分析卷烟和烟叶中29种农药的残留

开展了卷烟和烟叶中有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯3类29种农药残留的气相色谱-电子轰击离子源质谱(GC-EI/MS)的分析方法研究。优化与选择了卷烟和烟叶样品的前处理条件,样品经正己烷-丙酮(体积比为1∶1)混合提取剂超声提取、Florisil硅土和中性氧化铝双净化剂固相萃取柱净化、二氯甲烷-正己烷(体积比为95∶5)混合洗脱剂洗脱和浓缩后,以磷酸三苯酯(TPP)为内标物,采用GC-EI/MS的选择离子监测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析。当样品的加标水平为20,50,100 μg/kg时,加标回收率为70%～110%,相对标准偏差在2%～8%之间;除了甲氰菊酯、氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯的方法检出限(LOD)分别为1.85,1.74与2.54 μg/kg外,其余的26种农药的LOD均小于0.8 μg/kg;线性范围为5.0～500.0 μg/kg,相关系数都大于等于0.9994。此分析方法已成功地应用于卷烟和烟叶样品中3类29种痕量农药残留的分析     

Reliable screening of pesticide residues in maternal and umbilical cord sera by gas chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry

The widespread use of pesticides induces heavy adverse effects on human health,especially for the pregnant women and the newborns.In this study,a screening method has been developed for the determination of multi-pesticides in maternal and umbilical cord sera.All pesticides in sera were collected using solid phase extraction(SPE),and analyzed by gas chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(GC-QTOF MS).To set up the quality criteria,a database of 50 pesticides was created and the accurate masses of 3 up to 5 representative ions with their intensity ratios were included for each pesticide.In addition,a novel"identification points"(IPs)system relying on the accurate MS1 and MS2 spectra was used to interpret the data for each suspected pesticide.The methodology was then applied to a pair of maternal and umbilical cord sera.A total of six pesticide residues were screened out successfully.In conclusion,GC-QTOF MS combined with an accurate mass database seemed to be one of the most efficient tools for systematic pesticide analysis.     

高光谱和卷积神经网络的大白菜农残检测

针对大白菜农药残留传统化学检测手段存在前期处理过程繁琐、检测周期长等不足,提出了一种快速无损识别大白菜农药残留种类的方法。以1组无农药残留和4组含有均匀喷洒农药（毒死蜱、乐果、灭多威和氯氰菊酯）的大白菜样本为研究对象（药液浓度配比分别为0.10,1.00,0.20和2.00 mg·kg-1）,经12小时自然吸收后,利用高光谱成像系统获取400～1 000 nm高光谱图像,并选取ROI感兴趣区域后经多元散射校正（MSC）预处理;分别采用竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）、主成分分析算法（PCA）和离散小波变换（DWT）降维（分别基于db1,sym2,coif1,bior2.2和rbio1.5小波基函数）;最后,将降维后的高光谱数据分别输入卷积神经网络（CNN）、多层感知机（MLP）、K最邻近算法（KNN）和支持向量机（SVM）建立模型并比较。结果显示,CNN,MLP,KNN和SVM算法均在降维算法DWT（小波基函数及变换层数分别为coif1-2,coif1-4,bior2.2-2和sym2-2）取得最优总体精度分别为91.20%,83.20%,66.40%和90.40%,Kappa系数分别为0.89,0.79,0.58和0.88,预测集用时分别为86.01,63.23,20.02和14.03 ms,总体精度和Kappa指标均优于基于CARS和PCA降维算法建模结果。可见,高光谱与离散小波变换和卷积神经网络相融合显著提高分类识别精度,改善“休斯”现象,为实现无损和快速检测识别大白菜农残提供一个新的方法。     

杀菌剂福美双的电化学性质及线性扫描溶出伏安法测定

提出了线性扫描溶出伏安法测定福美双的电分析化学方法.在 pH 5.0 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中福美双在汞电极上出现一还原峰,峰电位为-610 mV(vs.Ag/AgCl).采用各种电化学技术如循环伏安法和线性扫描溶出伏安法等对本体系进行研究,发现采用线性扫描溶出伏安法能得到较灵敏的还原峰,呈现不可逆电极反应现象,并具有一定的吸附性,在210 s时能达到吸附平衡.选择吸附时间为180 s时,线性范围为0.02～0.14 μg·mL-1,最低检测限为9.5 ng·mL-1.将本方法用于实际样品的测定,得到满意的结果.     

甲基对硫磷的快速测定及电化学性质

研究了杀虫剂甲基对硫磷的电化学性质。在pH10．38的Bdtton—Robinson缓冲溶液中，采用微分脉冲溶出伏安法在悬汞电极上得到一个还原峰，峰电位为-0．5V(vs．Ag/AgCl)，本工作对实验条件进行了深入的研究，结合线性扫描伏安法等手段。研究了体系的电化学行为。实验表明，甲基对硫磷在汞电极上具有吸附性，电极反应具有不可逆性。该法用于水果及水样中甲基对硫磷残余量的测定，结果满意。     

Evaluation and improvement of QSAR predictions of skin sensitization for pesticides

In vivo skin sensitization assays have to be provided by applicants to the competent authorities in the European Union for the approval of active substances (AS) in pesticides. This study aimed to test the practicability of in silico predictions for AS by freely available (Q)SAR tools to evaluate their use as a time- and cost-effective alternative to animal testing in the context of the 3R concept. Predictions of skin sensitization for 48 selected sensitizing and non-sensitizing AS by the software programs CAESAR, Toxtree, OECD (Q)SAR Toolbox, CASE Ultra, Leadscope and SciQSAR were collected and compared. Different data evaluation methodologies (score definition, mean, weighted mean, threshold score definition) were applied to optimize the predictions. The calculation methods were internally cross-validated and further validated with an additional validation set of 80 AS. Although the presented calculation methodologies are not suitable as a stand-alone method, this study has shown weaknesses and strengths of some prominent (Q)SAR programs and diverse combinatorial options in the prediction of skin sensitization by pesticidal AS. The present study will help to foster discussions on in silico alternatives to animal testing in the pesticide area.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蔬菜中除虫菊素残留

建立了蔬菜中除虫菊素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测技术。采用乙腈提取,盐析后无需净化,直接进样分析,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式测定。结果表明,6种除虫菊素的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 5~0.999 9,在0.05、0.1、0.5 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,6种物质的平均回收率为73.9%~109.3%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.4%~7.7%;除虫菊素Ⅰ、除虫菊素Ⅱ的定量下限为0.01mg/kg,瓜叶菊素Ⅰ、瓜叶菊素Ⅱ、茉酮菊素Ⅰ和茉酮菊素Ⅱ的定量下限为0.05 mg/kg,定量下限均指除虫菊素总量。结果表明该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,适用于蔬菜中除虫菊素的快速检测分析。     

Application of image analysis technique for the determination of thiophanate methyl by thin-layer chromatography

A simple and convenient thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method combined with image analysis technique was developed to determine thiophanate methyl. The detection of pesticide was based on iodine–azide reaction. Digital images of TLC plate chromatograms were analysed using TLSee software, and quantitative analysis was conducted. The linearity (0.3–3.0 µg per spot), sensitivity, accuracy and precision of the system were investigated.     

分散固相萃取/气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定蔬菜和水果中67种农药残留

建立了分散固相萃取/气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法(Qu ECh ERS/GC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜和水果中67种常规检测农药的分析方法。番茄样品用1%乙酸乙腈匀浆提取,经分散固相萃取剂净化后,采用气相色谱-三重串联四极杆串联质谱在多反应离子监测(MRM)模式下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,67种农药在0.005~0.24μg/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;番茄、葱、通菜和橙子基质在0.02,0.06,0.12 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,67种农药的平均回收率为60.3%~119.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~14.7%;方法的检出限(LOD)为0.000 1~0.003 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.000 2~0.009 mg/kg。将该法应用于蔬菜、水果中农药残留检测,并与GC,GCP/GC-MS,LC-MS/MS方法进行对比,结果较为满意。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高、选择性好,具有良好的重现性和稳定性,适用于日常蔬菜水果中农药多残留的快速筛查和确证检测。     

QuEChERS/气相色谱法测定水果中31种有机磷农药残留

建立了QuEChERS/气相色谱测定水果中31种有机磷农药残留的快速分析方法,并对Qu ECh ERS前处理方法进行优化。样品以乙腈提取、氯化钠盐析后,经C18填料和无水硫酸镁分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱FPD检测器检测,基质匹配标准曲线校正,外标法定量。结果表明,该方法的线性相关系数为0.990 3~0.999 9;不同加标水平下31种有机磷农药的回收率为81.7%~120.7%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~14.7%,方法的检出限为0.4~6μg·kg~(-1)。方法简便快速、准确灵敏,且节省样品和有机溶剂,可满足水果中此31种有机磷农药残留同时快速检测的实际需要。