超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测花生中36种农药及其代谢物残留

建立了花生中36种农药及其代谢物残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)快速检测技术。采用乙腈提取,增强型脂质去除净化剂(EMR-Lipid)净化,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式测定。结果表明,所有农药的线性相关系数均大于0.994,在0.005,0.01,0.10 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,36种农药的平均回收率为70.4%~119%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.3%~19.4%,方法的定量下限为0.002 5~0.05 mg/kg。该方法简便、快速,灵敏度高、净化效果好,适用于花生中农药多残留的快速检测分析。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定食用植物油中23种农药残留

建立了测定食用植物油中23种农药残留的气相色谱–质谱联用方法。采用固相萃取,以乙腈超声提取,经过PSA,C_(18)柱进行净化,用气相色谱–质谱法测定,外标法定量。23种农药在0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 3~0.999 7,方法检出限为5~15μg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.25%~9.40%(n=6),加标回收率为78.4%~127.3%,可以满足食用植物油中多种农药残留的同时分析。采用该方法对国内市场常见的食用植物油进行检测分析,所检测的农药残留均在国家标准的限量范围内。     

基于高通量解析算法的复杂样品重叠气相色谱-质谱信号的快速分析

化学计量学算法为重叠气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)信号的解析提供了有效手段,但其在计算过程中一般需要将数据进行分段处理,然后只对信号的某些区间进行解析,难以实现真正意义上的高通量分析。该文结合移动窗口目标转换因子分析(MWTTFA)和非负免疫算法(NNIA),建立了一种高通量解析方法。首先,根据所有可能存在的目标组分的标准质谱信息,利用MWTTFA检验复杂信号中存在的组分,并确定目标组分的质谱信息和洗脱时间区域。以得到的质谱信息作为后续计算的输入值,利用NNIA解析得到相应的色谱信息。采用快速升温程序对17种和42种农药混合标准样品的GC-MS信号进行分析,利用所建立的方法可在10 min内得到全部组分的色谱和质谱信息。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法快速测定蔬菜水果中129种农药的残留量

采用QuEChERS方法结合气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)建立了蔬菜、水果中129种农药残留同时检测的分析方法。试样用1%乙酸乙腈均质提取,采用混合型固相分散萃取剂净化后,用GC-MS/MS在多反应离子监测(MRM)模式下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,129种药物在一定的含量范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.98;不同基质在10 μg/kg添加水平下大部分农药的平均回收率为66.2%～124.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%～24.4%;方法的定量限(LOQ)为0.03～16.7 μg/kg。结果表明,该方法简便快速、灵敏可靠、经济有效,适用于蔬菜、水果中农药多残留的同时快速筛查测定。     

Optimization of profenofos organophosphorus pesticide degradation by zero-valent bimetallic nanoparticles using response surface methodology

This study synthesized bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles and used them for catalytic degradation of profenofos, an organophosphorus pesticide. This novel bimetallic catalyst (Fe/Ni) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bimetallic nano-catalyst was prepared at diameters of 20–50 nm and was shown to effectively degrade profenofos. A three-factor central composite design combined with response surface methodology was used to maximize profenofos removal using the bimetallic system. A quadratic model was built to predict degradation efficiency. ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the variables and interactions between them. Good correlation between the experimental and predicted values was confirmed by the high F-value (16.38), very low P-value (<0.0001), non-significant lack of fit, an appropriate coefficient of determination (R² = 0.936) and adequate precision (14.75). The highest removal rate attained was 94.51%.     

Development and evaluation of microfluidic device for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide incorporating monolith based immobilized AChE with spectrophotometric detection

A spectrophotometric microfluidic bioreactor system is described for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides. The glass chip was designed and fabricated for in situ monolithic preparation and subsequently acetlycholineserase (AChE) immobilization via a covalent bonding method. The porous polymer monolith was prepared using glycidyl methacrylate, ethylenedimethacrylate and 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one in binary porogenic solvents of cyclohexanol and dodecanol. The epoxide groups of monolith were reacted with ethylenediamine and gluteraldehyde to allow immobilization of the enzyme using their amine groups. Organophosphorus pesticides can be determined by measuring their inhibition effect on the enzyme AChE using Ellman's reaction. A linear relationship between the absorbance and percentage inhibitions was obtained over the concentration range of 0.25 to 2.50?mg?L^?1 paraoxon with a correlation coefficient (r ²) of 0.9974. The limit of detection (LOD) defined as 10% inhibition (I ₁₀) was 0.17?mg?L^?1 for paraoxon. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.0?mg?L^?1 paraoxon was 3.73% (n?=?5). The proposed µFI system incorporates efficient enzyme immobilization and reduces reagent consumption and waste production and could thus be considered to be more environmentally friendly.     

Determining multi‐pesticide residues in teas by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction followed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

In this study, an effective speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction method was developed to condense pesticide residues from teas through dispersive solid‐phase extraction prior to analysis by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extractant was intentionally dispersed into the sample solution in the form of globules through high‐speed agitation. This procedure increases the contact area between the binary phases and shortens the distribution equilibrium time. The fine globules reassembled by decelerating stirring speed, the extractant could be taken out for gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Recovery studies were performed under optimized extraction conditions by using matrix blanks fortified with pesticides at three concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µg/kg). Over 87% of the recoveries for the analytes in four tea matrices were acceptable given their recovery ranges of 70–120% and relative standard deviations of ≤20%. The limits of quantification of most pesticides were lower than 10 µg/kg and thus satisfied the requirements for maximum residue levels prescribed by the European Community. A total of 38 tea samples from local markets were analyzed by using the proposed method. Results showed that chlorpyrifos was the most frequently detected pesticide in teas. The method is a potential choice for the routine monitoring of pesticide residues in complex matrices.     

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱建立茶叶中农药残留的筛查与确证方法

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS),使用UNIFI软件建立91种农药残留的筛查与确证方法,进行定性方法验证并应用于流通市场中茶叶的筛查检测。通过对收集的农药认证标准物质(CRM)分析,构建91种农药化合物的质谱数据库。样品经乙腈提取,固相萃取柱净化,Acquity BEH C18色谱柱分离,在MS^E模式下进行全信息采集(ESI+), UNIFI软件对数据进行匹配分析。设置保留时间最大偏差为±0.1 min,精确质量偏差阈值为±5×10^-6,可识别加合物形式包括[M+H]⁺、[M+Na]⁺、[M+K]⁺、[M+NH₄]⁺。参照SANTE/11813/2017指南进行定性方法学验证。在21份茶叶样品中添加混合标准溶液至4个水平(0.01、0.05、0.10、0.20 mg/kg),确定每种农药在茶叶样品中的筛查检出限(SDL),共评估了1911种农药/样品组合。发现有66种农药的SDL为0.01 mg/kg, 8种农药的SDL为0.05 mg/kg, 1种农药的SDL为0.10 mg/kg, 3种农药的SDL为0.20 mg/kg,共有13种农药的SDL大于0.20 mg/kg。一种农药在筛查检测中存在基质抑制效应。最后,应用建立的方法分析了流通市场中22份茶叶样品的农药残留情况,从6份茶叶样品中筛查检测出6种农药化合物,经人工鉴定均为阳性。该法为茶叶中农药残留的高通量筛查检测提供了参考。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对比4种净化方式对不同色素含量基质中19种农药残留检测的影响

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)对含有不同色素等干扰物的4种基质(韭菜、姜、番茄和苹果)中19种农药残留进行检测,对比了4种净化方式对检测结果的影响,筛选出最佳检测方法。试样采用固相萃取法(SPE)和分散固相萃取法(QuEChERS)进行前处理净化。固相萃取柱包括3种,TPS柱、PC/NH2柱(石墨化碳黑氨基柱)和NH2柱(氨基柱),分散固相萃取的吸附剂为PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)和C18混合剂,外标法定量。研究表明,19种农药在5~100μg/kg质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;TPS柱对色素的吸附效果最好,PSA+C18的吸附效果最差;经TPS柱、NH2柱和PSA+C18净化过的4种基质中,19种农药的平均加标回收率分别为72%~107%,71%~110%和72%~108%;经PC/NH2柱净化过的韭菜和姜中,多菌灵的回收率很低,番茄和苹果中无回收,其他18种农药的加标回收率为71%~110%;经TPS柱、PC/NH2柱、NH2柱和PSA+C18净化后,辛硫磷的相对标准偏差(RSD)普遍较高,其他18种农药的RSD值均小于20%,19种农药的检出限分别为0.001~3,0.007~3,0.02~4,0.02~2μg/kg,定量下限分别为0.003~10,0.02~10,0.06~15,0.05~8μg/kg。本研究为准确、高效、经济的检测目标物提供了可靠依据。     

粮油作物及茶叶中农药多残留检测的前处理技术进展

综述了粮油作物和茶叶中农药多残留检测的前处理技术,包括超临界流体萃取、加速溶剂萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、分散固相萃取、固相微萃取和在线凝胶渗透色谱等样品前处理方式,并详细介绍了各种方法的原理、优点及适用范围,可为粮油作物和茶叶中农药多残留检测技术的发展提供参考。