二苯并噻吩在分散型钼催化剂和原位产生的氢存在下的加氢脱硫Ⅱ. 原位氢和分子氢的比较(英)

研 究了水／ 甲苯 乳化液 中二苯 并噻 吩（ 硫 芴） 在 分散 型钼酸 、磷钼 酸和四 硫钼 酸铵催 化剂 存在下 的加氢脱 硫反应． 反应在 高压釜 中于３４０ ℃ 及三种 不同 的气 氛 即 Ｈ２ , Ｈ２／ Ｈ２ Ｏ 和 Ｃ Ｏ／ Ｈ２ Ｏ（ Ｃ Ｏ 和 Ｈ２ Ｏ 经 水 煤气转换反 应（ Ｗ Ｇ Ｓ Ｒ） 产生原 位氢） 的 存在下进 行． 用 Ｇ Ｃ 和 Ｇ Ｃ Ｍ Ｓ 鉴定 、分 析了 气 体和 液体 产 物的 组成 ． 结果表明： 对硫芴 的加氢 脱硫反应 ,在分散 型钼酸 和磷 钼 酸存 在下 ,原 位产 生 的氢 比加 入 的分 子氢 更 为有 效． 动力学研 究结果 表明： Ｗ Ｇ Ｓ Ｒ 反应 比硫芴的 加氢脱硫 反应快 ５ ～１０ 倍, 说明在原 位氢存 在下硫芴 的加 氢脱 硫反应是速 度控制 步骤． 总之,试 验结果证 实,在分 散型催化 剂和 原位 氢存 在 下的 加氢 过 程是 重油 乳 状液 改 质和破乳 的有效方 法．     

含磷铝单元的AlMCM-41负载的磷化钨催化剂DBT HDS性能

通过微波加热的方法,分别合成了硅/铝比(30、40、50、55、60)不同的含磷铝结构单元的AlMCM-41复合分子筛,并以此为载体采用共浸渍和程序升温高纯氢气还原的方法制备了负载量为30%(以WO₃计)的磷化钨催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积测定、扫描电镜(SEM)及X光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。通过高压微反装置对催化剂的二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价。结果表明,在催化剂表面检测到活性组分WP和以类似-Al-O-W-P结构形式存在的具有一定活性的物种。WP是主要的活性相,硅/铝比对WP活性相在催化剂表面所占的比例有一定影响。不同硅/铝比的催化剂表现出不同的选择性加氢性能,但直接加氢脱硫是催化剂DBT HDS的主要路径。其中,硅铝比为55的催化剂具有相对最高的DBT HDS的转化率(93.1%),且其直接加氢脱硫产物(联苯)的选择性相对最高(82.7%),这对减少氢耗,保护环境有利。     

Simultaneous operation of dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization and methanol reforming reactions over Pd promoted alumina based catalysts

In the current study simultaneous reactions of hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of dibenzothiophene(DBT) and reforming of methanol in a micro-autoclave reactor were studied over bi-metallic(Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Mo/Al2O3) and tri-metallic(Pd-Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3) catalyst systems which were prepared by incipient impregnation method.In situ hydrogen utilization and low Pd loadings were the major targets of this study.For comparison purpose,catalytic activity was separately determined for both the methanol reforming and HDS of DBT reactions as well.Ni based catalysts were confirmed with better activity than Co ones for both the reactions with Pd promoted ones ranking at the top i.e.Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3 > Ni-Mo/Al2O3 > Pd-Co-Mo/Al2O3 > Co-Mo/Al2O3 where Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3 showed 91% DBT conversion at 380 ℃ and 12 h reaction time.Some of the selected organic additives on catalytic activity were tested for their effect toward HDS reaction which was unique with close relation to their chemical nature.Reaction products were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed via HPLC and GC-MS techniques respectively which helped in elucidating reaction mechanism.     

Mo助剂含量对Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

 采用共浸渍法制备了 P/Ni 摩尔比为 2 的 Ni2P/SBA-15, 再通过二次浸渍引入助剂 Mo 制得 Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15, 将它调制成活性胶后均匀涂敷于预处理后的载体表面, 干燥焙烧后在氢气流中采用程序升温还原法, 制备了一系列 Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂. 采用 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附-脱附和 X 射线光电子能谱对催化剂结构进行了表征, 以二苯并噻吩为模型含硫化合物, 考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫性能. 结果表明, Mo 的加入增大了催化剂的比表面积, 在催化剂表面形成了 MoNiP2, 且 Ni2P 为主要活性物相. Mo 在催化剂表面主要以 Mo6+和 Moδ+形式存在; 当 w(Mo) = 4.2% 时, n(Mo)/n(Ni+Mo) = 0.18 的整体式催化剂上二苯并噻吩的转化率最高, 且在较低反应温度时以直接脱硫机理为主, 而较高反应温度时以加氢脱硫机理为主.     

Preparation, Characterization and Catalysis of Intrazeolite Molybdenum, Cobalt and Cobalt–Molybdenum Sulfide Clusters: A Molecular Approach to Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

Better understandings of the nature of Co–Mo sulfide catalysts are of great importance to a rational design of highly active hydrodesulfurization catalysts on a molecular level. Synthesis of uniform binary sulfide clusters well-defined in structure and thermally stabilized on a support is desirable for such purposes. In the present study, successful preparations, using metal carbonyls as precursors, of Mo, Co and Co–Mo sulfide clusters encaged in zeolite are reported. The structure, location and catalytic properties of the clusters are described on the basis of XPS, XAFS, XRD, XRF, IR, HREM and adsorptions of benzene and NO. Implications for the generation of catalytic synergy between Co and Mo sulfides are presented in brief. It is suggested that the host–guest interactions between zeolite framework oxygens and precursor molecules and product clusters are crucial to the size and structure of the intrazeolite clusters.     

Influence of Pd-Ce interaction and chlorine ion on hydrodesulfurization reaction: The activity and sulfur tolerance of the Pd-Ceo2/Al2O3 catalyst

CeO₂ promoted palladium catalysts supported on Al₂O₃ were prepared using the impregnation (IM) and the deposition-precipitation (DP) methods. The activities and sulfur tolerance of the catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were detected with thiophene HDS as probe reaction. H₂ adsorption, XRD, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, XPS were used to characterize the catalysts. The Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (IM) catalyst was highly active for the HDS reaction, and it had much stronger sulfur tolerance than the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (DP) showed excellent sulfur tolerance while its initial activity decreased. It was observed that with the chlorine bridge, the interfacial structure of Pd-Cl⁻¹-Ce³⁺ was responsible for the high activity of the Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (IM) catalyst, at the same time the interaction of Pd with Ce was weakened by Cl₋₁ ions. The enhanced sulfur tolerance over the Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (IM) catalyst was attributed to the weakened Pd-S bond caused by the competitive adsorption of H₂S on Ce³⁺ ions. As to the Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (DP) catalyst, a strong interaction of Pd with Ce put Pd at an electron-deficient state, the creation of sulfided palladium was therefore inhibited.     

模型石脑油在硫化Co-Mo／SBA-15催化剂上的加氢异构化反应

通过浸渍法制备了Co/SBA-15、Mo/SBA-15和Co-Mo/SBA-15催化剂,对催化剂的孔结构、物相及表面酸性进行了表征,测定了硫化催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫及1-己烯加氢异构的反应性能,并与工业Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了对比.结果表明,Co-Mo/SBA-15催化剂表面具有较强的B酸中心,且对噻吩加氢脱硫具有较高的催化活性;而Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面主要为较强的L酸中心,对1-己烯加氢具有较高的催化活性.Mo/SBA-15催化剂的B酸酸性较强,但同时具有较高的1-己烯加氢活性,故它对1-己烯骨架异构的催化活性不高.Co-Mo/SBA-15催化剂的加氢活性相对较低,1-己烯容易在其较强的B酸中心上发生骨架异构反应,具有潜在的工业化应用前景.     

NiMo催化剂载体中纳米HY分子筛和氧化铝混合方式对柴油加氢脱硫性能的影响

以纳米HY分子筛-氧化铝混合物为载体,根据两者混合方式的不同（溶胶凝胶法和机械混合法）制备了两种NiMo加氢脱硫催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、BET、TPD、H₂-TPR、HRTEM和FT-IR等表征。与溶胶凝胶法催化剂相比,机械混合法催化剂表现出了较好的纹理结构和更高酸量,其金属相更易还原,边角位Mo原子的分散度更高,表现出了更高的加氢脱硫性能。但溶胶凝胶法催化剂的type-Ⅱ Ni-Mo-S活性相前驱物比例更高,MoS₂晶片长度更大,堆垛程度更高,活性组分分散度较差。虽然溶胶凝胶法有利于提高type-Ⅱ Ni-Mo-S活性相前驱物比例,但是该方法导致的较差孔结构抑制了这种优势,并且降低了活性组分分散度,减弱了催化活性。     

27Al and 29Si NMR studies of alumina and amorphous silica-alumina supported NiW(Mo) HDS catalysts

Summary Surface reaction of NiW species with silanol groups of amorphous silica alumina support and a partial regeneration of silanols and disruption of the monolayer due to sulfidation were found by ²⁹Si MAS-NMR.