Synthesis, characterization and hydrodesulfurization activity of silica-dispersed NiMoW trimetallic catalysts

Silica-dispersed NiMoW trimetallic hydrodesulfurization catalysts were prepared by deposition-precipitation method. For comparative purposes, bulk NiMoW trimetallic catalysts were obtained by co-precipitation. Silica was employed to disperse active metals for full utilization of active components and silica-dispersed NiMoW catalyst had high active metal content. BET analysis showed that silica-dispersed NiMoW trimetallic catalysts had a high surface area (165.1 m²/g) and pore volume (0.27 ml/g). Transmission electron microscopy results proved that active components were well dispersed. Hydrodesulfurization activity of silica-dispersed NiMoW catalysts was much higher than that of comparative catalysts and up to twice greater than those of commercial NiMo alumina-supported systems per gram of catalyst.     

TiO2-Al2O3载体的制备及Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂上的同时加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮反应

 以溶胶-凝胶法制备的 TiO2-Al2O3 复合氧化物为载体, 采用浸渍法制备了 Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3 催化剂, 并用 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附脱附、红外和 X 射线光电子能谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征, 考察了载体中 TiO2 含量、焙烧温度及其制备方法对 Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3 催化剂上同时进行噻吩加氢脱硫和吡啶加氢脱氮反应的影响. 结果表明, 以 Ni/P 摩尔比为 1/2 的前驱体制备的催化剂表面仅出现 Ni2P 物相; 当载体中 TiO2 的含量为 80%, 焙烧温度为 550 oC 时, Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3 催化剂上加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮的活性最高. 在 360 oC, 3.0 MPa, 氢/油体积比 500, 液时体积空速 2.0 h?1 的条件下, 噻吩和吡啶转化率分别为 61.3%和 64.4%.     

介孔碳担载的 Co-Mo 和 Ni-Mo 加氢脱硫催化剂

 自制介孔碳 (CMC) 具有比传统活性碳 (AC) 更大的比表面积、孔径和孔体积, 以其为载体, 在浸渍液中加入螯合剂, 采用等量浸渍法制备了 Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂, 分别用于模型汽油和柴油加氢脱硫反应. 结果表明, Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂具有比 Co-Mo/AC 催化剂更好的织构性质和加氢脱硫活性. 在模型汽油的加氢脱硫反应中, Co-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性比工业催化剂 Co-Mo/Al2O3 高得多; 而在模型柴油的加氢脱硫反应中, Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性也比工业催化剂 FH-98 高得多.     

Quasi in situ Ni K‐edge EXAFS investigation of the spent NiMo catalyst from ultra‐deep hydrodesulfurization of gas oil in a commercial plant

Ni species on the spent NiMo catalyst from ultra‐deep hydrodesulfurization of gas oil in a commercial plant were studied by Ni K‐edge EXAFS and TEM measurement without contact of the catalysts with air. The Ni–Mo coordination shell related to the Ni–Mo–S phase was observed in the spent catalyst by quasi in situ Ni K‐edge EXAFS measurement with a newly constructed high‐pressure chamber. The coordination number of this shell was almost identical to that obtained by in situ Ni K‐edge EXAFS measurement of the fresh catalyst sulfided at 1.1 MPa. On the other hand, large agglomerates of Ni₃S₂ were observed only in the spent catalyst by quasi in situ TEM/EDX measurement. MoS₂‐like slabs were sintered slightly on the spent catalyst, where they were destacked to form monolayer slabs. These results suggest that the Ni–Mo–S phase is preserved on the spent catalyst and Ni₃S₂ agglomerates are formed by sintering of Ni₃S₂ species originally present on the fresh catalyst.     

Cobalt-promoted MoS2 nanosheets: A promising novel diesel hydrodesulfurization catalyst

MoS₂ has been commonly used as a catalyst in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of petroleum cuts in crude oil refineries. In this study, the synthesis of unsupported MoS₂ and Co-promoted MoS₂ nanosheets produced from molybdenum oxide and thiourea is reported. The synthesized samples were characterized by using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), temperature-programmed reduction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy methods, and then they were utilized for HDS of diesel through a fixed-bed catalytic reactor. Results indicated that a cobalt promoter affected both the number and the performance of active sites of the molybdenum sulfides, and the activity of the promoted MoS₂ catalyst was consistently higher than that of the MoS₂ catalyst. More significantly, the activity of the promoted catalyst was slightly declined during 48 h continuous HDS reaction, which indicated the stability of this catalyst. Additionally, during 12 h of test run, the HDS activity of the promoted catalyst was about 60% higher than MoS₂ one.     

制备方法及载体类型对Ni_2P/TiO_2催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

以两种类型的TiO2(锐钛矿anatase、晶须载体whiskers)为载体,分别采用程序升温还原(H2-TPR)法和溶剂热法制备Ni2P/TiO2催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、N2等温吸附脱附、CO吸附表征、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术、扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征。考察了不同的制备方法及不同类型TiO2载体对Ni2P/TiO2催化剂二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响。结果表明,溶剂热法制备催化剂过程中,保持了TiO2晶体结构,抑制了TiPO4的形成,HDS活性高于H2-TPR法制备的催化剂;与锐钛矿TiO2为载体的催化剂相比,以晶须TiO2为载体的催化剂具有更优良的表面性质,能生成较多晶体颗粒粒径较小、分散性好的Ni2P活性相,具有更高的HDS活性。以晶须TiO2为载体,采用溶剂热法制备的Ni2P/TiO2催化剂,具有最好的加氢脱硫活性,在340℃、3.0MPa、氢油体积比为500、质量空速(WHSV)2.0h-1的条件下,二苯并噻吩转化率达到为98.2%。     

Ni_2P催化剂的低温还原法合成及其HDS性能

在低还原温度下程序升温还原法制备了Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂,并采用H2-TPR、TG-DTG、XRD、BET、XPS等手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征,考察了还原温度对活性相Ni2P形成以及催化剂二苯并噻吩HDS性能的影响。结果表明,在210~390℃下还原得到的催化剂活性相为单一的Ni2P相;在390℃下还原得到的催化剂具有最高的二苯并噻吩HDS活性,在反应温度340℃、反应压力3.0 MPa、氢/油体积比500、质量空速(WHSV)2.0 h-1的条件下二苯并噻吩HDS转化率达到99.0%。     

螯合剂对Co-Mo/Al_2O_3成型加氢脱硫催化剂性能的影响

以拟薄水铝石为原料,添加有机溶剂,经挤条成型、干煅、焙烧制备了比表面积大、孔分布宽的柱状γ-Al2O3载体;采用共浸渍法制备了系列Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂(CoO和MoO3质量分数分别为2%和8%)。利用低温氮吸附、XRD和H2-TPR技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了螯合剂柠檬酸(CA)、草酸(OA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对成型催化剂粗苯加氢脱硫活性的影响。结果表明,添加螯合剂后,催化剂的前驱体主要沉积在载体的3~10 nm中孔内,活性组分以无定形态高度分散在载体上。添加CA可提高催化剂的还原性,显著降低Mo6+的还原温度。在300℃、3.0 MPa、液体空速(LHSV)为2 h-1和氢油体积比为600的条件下,噻吩硫的脱除率可达到99.9%以上。     

硫化态NiW/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性相的研究Ⅲ.低温CO吸附-原位红外光谱表征

 采用低温CO吸附-原位红外光谱法对硫化态和经过氢还原处理的W/Al2O3,Ni/Al2O3以及不同Ni含量的NiW/Al2O3催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,在WS2相上的两个CO特征吸收峰分别位于2117和2066 cm-1处; 硫化镍上吸附CO的特征峰位于2098 cm-1处; NiW/Al2O3催化剂中引入的助剂Ni与WS2相之间相互作用,并分别在2128,2096和2078 cm-1处出现三个新的谱峰,标志着NiWS活性相的形成,并且NiWS相的量随着助剂Ni含量的增加而增大. 在不同温度下对NiW/Al2O3催化剂进行氢还原处理时发现,NiWS活性相在高温下逐步分解,并发生烧结. 以上结果有力地支持了前文中通过XPS,HREM和TPR等方法所获得的有关催化剂活性相的形成及其还原分解过程的表征结果.     

硫化态NiW/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性相的研究Ⅱ.程序升温还原表征

 采用程序升温还原法对一系列具有相同W含量和不同Ni含量的硫化态NiW/Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,以考察催化剂中不同硫物种的数量及还原性能. 结果表明,含有助剂Ni的催化剂TPR谱在673~873 K出现了一个还原峰,归属为催化剂的NiWS混合相被分解生成的硫化镍物的还原. 随着助剂Ni含量的增加,与该还原峰相应的H2S生成量增大,表明形成了更多的NiWS活性相. 另外,Ni/(Ni+W)原子比为0.41的催化剂样品的噻吩加氢脱硫活性随着还原温度的升高而急剧下降,证实了催化剂在还原过程中活性相被逐步分解.