A simple rule of the sequential bond enthalpies in clusters and the possibility of liquid-phase carbon

This letter reports a simple rule on the sequential bond enthalpies D(B(M)_x − M) in clusters B(M)_x + 1, where B is a bonding particle (neutrals, cations, anions, complexes, biochemical particles), M is a neutral material molecule (inorganic and organic) or atom (metal, non-metal and rare gas), x describes the cluster size, and x = 0, 1, 2, 3, …, etc. Thousands of experimental results for 60 kinds of materials M and 310 kinds of clusters B(M)_x + 1 strongly support the simple rule: the sequential bond enthalpies in clusters regularly drop to an intrinsic value, the vaporization enthalpies of the liquid-phase materials M, i.e., D(B(M)_x − M, large x) ~ Δ_vapH(M). Using this simple rule, we have discussed the possibility of liquid-phase carbon.     

Visible and NIR luminescence of nanocrystalline β-Ga2O3:Er prepared by solution combustion synthesis

In this paper we report on facile solution combustion synthesis of erbium doped β-Ga₂O₃ with urea as fuel. The product was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction and TEM showed that the material is nanostructured. Luminescence properties of β-Ga₂O₃:Er are studied with excitation in near infrared (Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm) and visible (argon laser at 514.5 nm). A strong NIR emission of Er³⁺ in the window of minimal optical loss in silica based optical fibers, due to the ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 transition at 1.55 μm has been observed. Codoping with Yb³⁺ significantly increases the intensity of that important emission.     

紫外臭氧处理增强溶液法MoO3薄膜的空穴注入能力

空穴注入层对有机发光二极管的性能有重要的影响,尤其是当器件中的空穴传输材料的最高占据分子轨道能级较深的时候。近年来有许多关于新型的溶液法空穴注入材料的研究。在本文中,我们对溶液法MoO₃薄膜使用了三种不同的处理方法来研究其对空穴注入性能的影响,即：在空气中150 ℃退火;在空气中150 ℃退火再紫外臭氧处理(UVO) 15 min;只进行UVO处理15 min。结果发现当MoO₃薄膜在空气中150 ℃退火后,器件的电流最小,空穴注入能力最差。而当MoO₃薄膜经过UVO处理后,器件的电流显著增大,工作电压大幅下降,器件性能接近于蒸镀的MoO₃薄膜的器件。更惊喜的是,这种改善在MoO₃薄膜仅作UVO处理后也可获得。经定量计算发现MoO₃薄膜经过UVO处理后的空穴注入效率能提高到约0.1。XPS分析表明通过UVO处理后,MoO₃薄膜中Mo⁵⁺成分减少并且薄膜表面的富氧吸附物被有效地消除,使得其化学计量基本与蒸镀的MoO₃薄膜相同。基于这种经UVO处理的溶液法MoO₃作为空穴注入层,器件的最大电流效率可达到48.3 cd∙A⁻¹。     

Pitzer方程应用于离子液体[Cnmim][H2PO4](n= 3, 4, 5, 6)溶解焓研究

在298.15 K下,利用等温环境溶解反应热量计,测定了离子液体[C_nmim][H₂PO₄] (n= 3, 4, 5, 6) (1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸盐)在水中不同浓度的摩尔溶解热(Δ_solH_m),根据Pitzer电解质溶液理论计算得到了标准摩尔溶解焓(Δ_solH_m⁰)和Pitzer焓参数：β_MX^(0)L, β_MX^(1)L,和C^ϕL,并计算了表观相对摩尔焓。通过推导讨论,得到了离子液体[C_nmim][H₂PO₄](n= 3, 4, 5, 6)同系物每摩尔亚甲基对标准摩尔溶解焓的贡献。     

Plausible black hole solutions in higher-derivative gravity

Here we obtain explicit black hole solutions in Extension Gravity models with high-order derivative terms, while the Lichnerowicz-type theorem simplifies our analysis by vanishing Ricci's scalar curvature. We find out two explicit static, spherical solutions that satisfy the presented action: the first one is the same usual Schwarzschild solution and the other one is the new non-Schwarzschild solution. It means that Schwarzschild's solution following the no-hair theorem can describe any black hole object on each gravity theory. Without considering the first law of thermodynamics for it, we show that the non-Schwarzschild solution is depending on its set of constants, and then we consider its entropy and other thermodynamic parameters for specific values of the constants.     

芳氧基钇配合物引发丙烯腈溶液聚合的Monte Carlo模拟

用Monte Carlo方法模拟了DMF溶剂体系中单组分芳氧基钇引发剂Y(OAr)₃引发丙烯腈溶液聚合的全程反应动力学.通过计算机模拟和实验验证,表明聚合反应过程中存在配位阴离子活性中心,且活性中心容易形成,但很快失活.同时,存在向单体转移和向大分子转移两种链转移反应.获得了一组聚合反应动力学参数:k_i=0.053 L/(mol.m in),k_p=1.63 L/(mol.m in),k_d=0.005 8 m in^-1,k_tM=0.052 L/(mol.m in),k_trP=0.075 L/(mol.m in),k_pp=0 L/(mol.m in).     

溶液样品温度对ICP光源发射强度的影响

通过光电检测法研究了溶液样品温度在20,40和60 ℃条件下,对电感耦合等离子体(ICP)光源发射强度的影响。实验结果表明,随着溶液温度的提高,元素钡、铜和锌的谱线强度有明显的增强。观察了在不同溶液温度下,谱线强度随光源观察高度和载气压力的变化规律, 发现温度的提高使最佳观测高度位置降低,而最佳载气压力升高。     

SPR免疫竞争法研究小分子吗啡与其抗体间作用的动力学特征

表面等离子体共振技术(SPR)主要应用于生物大分子相互作用的研究,本文采用溶液竞争法,测定了小分子吗啡与其抗体作用的结合常数K₁,并计算了吗啡抗体与吗啡化牛血清白蛋白的结合常数K₂.证明了多抗对抗原的亲和力较单抗大,并表明大分子蛋白质的存在对抗体与待测物的结合有阻碍作用.     

基于溶液温度差谱分析的ATR-FTIR原位测量方法

作为一种原位、快速、无损坏的中红外光谱分析技术,ATR-FTIR已在很多工程领域得到越来越多的应用,尤其是针对结晶过程溶液浓度的原位实时测量。水是一种常用的结晶溶剂,在中红外波段具有强吸收峰,并且在不同温度下具有光谱吸收差异性,因而不能忽略溶剂水和温度对溶液浓度的中红外光谱测量带来的影响。以朗伯-比尔定律为基础,提出采用溶液光谱减去相应温度下的溶剂光谱的方法,从而能准确地测量溶液浓度。以L-谷氨酸溶液结晶过程为例,对L-谷氨酸水溶液的原始光谱数据、溶液光谱扣除常温(25℃)溶剂水的光谱数据以及溶液光谱对应温度扣除溶剂水的光谱数据分别进行建模。结果表明,提出的对应温度差谱法能有效消除溶剂水峰对溶质光谱测量的干扰,明显地降低了溶液浓度光谱标定模型的预测误差。该方法对提高原位ATR-FTIR光谱检测精度的实际应用具有一定的参考价值。     

火箭布雷弹的空中散布及数值解

本讨论了火箭布雷弹的空中运行规律及数学模型，以及求其数值解的方法。