矩形槽道内表面活性剂减阻流体场特性

采用粒子图像测速仪对矩形槽道内表面活性减阻流体在流动方向(x方向)与壁 面垂直方向(y方向)所在平面的流场进行了测量,分析了速度、涡量、速度脉 动相关量在流场内的瞬态分布,以及对500幅相同工况的流场进行了统计平均. 结 果显示: 与牛顿流体相比, 表面活性剂减阻流体接近于层流流动,横向速度脉动被大幅 减弱,导致湍流输运减弱,雷诺应力远远小于水. 减阻流体流向速度脉动呈条带 特征,沿流动方向发展,反映了减阻流体不同于水的湍流输运特征.     

Phase field simulation of single bubble behavior under an electric field

Based on the Cahn-Hilliard phase field model, a three-dimensional multiple-field coupling model for simulating the motion characteristics of a rising bubble in a liquid is established in a gas-liquid two-phase flow. The gas-liquid interface motion is simulated by using a phase-field method, and the effect of the electric field intensity on bubble dynamics is studied without electric field, or with vertical electric field or horizontal electric field. Through the coupling effect of electric field and flow field, the deformation of a single rising bubble and the formation of wake vortices under the action of gravity and electric field force are studied in detail. The correctness of the results is verified by mass conservation, and the influences of different electric field directions and different voltages on the movement of bubbles in liquid are considered. The results show that the ratio of the length to axis is proportional to the strength of the electric field when the air bubble is stretched into an ellipsoid along the electric field line under the action of electrostatic gravity and surface tension. In addition, the bubble rising speed is affected by the electric field, the vertical electric field accelerates the bubble rise, and the horizontal direction slows it down.     

基于多相材料的稳态热传导结构轻量化设计

在多相材料的结构拓扑优化问题中,通常给定各相材料体积约束或材料总重量约束作为材料的控制用量.在结构轻量化设计的实际工程背景下,以结构总重量最小化为目标的优化模型具有明确的工程意义.针对含多相材料的稳态传热结构拓扑优化问题,提出了以结构总重量最小化为目标和给定热柔顺度为约束的多工况连续体结构拓扑优化建模方法.遵循独立连续映射建模方式,采用两类独立拓扑变量分别表征单元热传导矩阵和单元重量状态.推导了热柔顺度和总重量对设计变量的敏度,基于一阶和二阶泰勒展开得到各自的近似表达式.通过求解偏微分方程,实现了约束函数一次项过滤,消除了棋盘格现象和网格依赖性问题,并保证了约束方程在过滤后严格成立.建立的近似优化模型具有二次函数形式的目标函数和一次函数形式的约束函数.基于对偶序列二次规划方法对优化模型进行求解直至收敛.通过四个三维结构数值算例分析对比了热柔顺度约束限值、不同材料混合及多工况、多约束条件对优化结果的影响.数值算例结果表明,本文提出的优化方法在基于多相材料的多工况稳态热传导结构轻量化设计中具有可行性和有效性.     

HR-ICP-MS对黄河甘宁蒙段过滤水和悬浮物中稀土元素含量测定与分馏作用研究

采用高分辨电感耦合等离子质谱(HR-ICP-MS)对黄河甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古段12个采样点过滤水和悬浮物中稀土元素含量进行了测定,并对悬浮物中稀土元素的分馏作用进行了研究。结果表明：过滤水中稀土元素含量较低,含量最高的元素镧(La)浓度仅为32.0 ng·L-1,稀土元素总量平均值为47.5 ng·L-1,以包头磴口(S1)和三湖河口(S2)最高,分别为130.0和100.0 ng·L-1,可能是由外源稀土进入水体所致;悬浮物中稀土元素总量平均值为167.8 mg·kg-1,与中国土壤背景值相近,其中,甘肃什川桥采样点(S11)重稀土元素含量明显高于其他采样点,表明该采样点受到外源重稀土的影响。悬浮物中稀土元素球粒陨石标准化结果与中国土壤分布模式相同,表现为轻稀土元素富集,铕(Eu)中度亏损,铈(Ce)呈现弱的亏损,表明悬浮物中稀土元素主要来源于土壤风化作用。     

具有电子传输特性的Be金属配合物作为磷光主体材料的电致发光性能

采用具有优良电子传输特性的铍金属配合物二合铍(Ⅱ)(Bempp)作为磷光客体材料二(2-苯基吡啶)(N,N'-二异丙基苯甲脒)合铱(Ⅲ)(PPP)的主体材料制备磷光电致发光器件. 与经典的空穴传输型主体材料4,4'-二(N-咔唑)联苯(CBP)相比, Bempp更有利于空穴、 电子的注入及传输的平衡, 与PPP间存在更高效的能量转移. 该器件的各项性能指标, 包括最大效率和流明效率(63.1 cd/A和54.0 lm/W), 均明显高于采用CBP作为主体材料的磷光器件.     

Effect of sheath potential on electromagnetic radiation emitted from the rear surface of a metallic foil target

In ultra-intense laser--matter interactions, intense electric fields formed at the rear surface of a foil target may have strong influences on the motion of energetic electrons, and thereby affect the electromagnetic emissions from the rear surface, usually ascribed to transition radiation. Due to the electric fields, transition radiation occurs twice and bremsstrahlung radiation also happens because the electrons will cross the rear surface twice and have large accelerations. In the optic region, transition radiation is dominant. The radiation spectrum depends on the electric field only when the electrons are monochromatic, and becomes independent of the electric field when the electrons have a broadband momentum distribution. Therefore, in an actual experiment, the electric field at the rear surface of a foil could not be studied just with the measurement of optic emissions. In the terahertz region, both bremsstrahlung and transition radiations should be taken into account, and the radiation power could be enhanced in comparison with that without the inclusion of bremsstrahlung radiation. The frequency at which the maximum terahertz radiation appears depends on the electric field.     

大白鼠急性癫痫模型的DWI自身对照分析

用核磁共振成象方法研究了由印防已毒素(picrotoxin)诱发的大白鼠癫痫模型脑组织中水的双指数扩散现象.对模型诱发前后进行自身对照发现,在癫痫发作期间水扩散系数在全脑范围内特别在海马区和皮质区明显下降,同时快扩散部分的相对含量有所增加.本文根据核磁共振理论,对扩散系数的这种变化做了解释.此结果对于揭示癫痫发作的机制具有参考价值     

高效液相色谱法定量测定新型杀虫剂——甲氰菊酯

甲氰菊酯(Fenpropathrin)是一种人工合成的广谱和高效的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂。它的化学名称为α-氰基-3-苯氧基苯甲基-2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙烷羧酸酯。由于它对螨类高活性,对温血动物低毒等特点,自1976年以来,作为第三代杀虫剂正日益引起世界各国的重视。有关甲氰菊酯的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析国外文献已有报道。本文报道我们研究成功的甲氰菊酯反相     

INS/GNSS/VO组合导航系统复合型异常检测与容错算法

INS/GNSS/VO导航系统的异常输出常由外部扰动引起，表现为幅值较小的突变信号或者增长速率较慢的斜坡信号。为了增强异常检测算法的检测能力，提高组合导航系统在外部干扰情况下的导航精度，提出一种INS/GNSS/VO组合导航系统复合型异常检测与容错算法。在非全局融合阶段使用状态卡方检测法对量测信息进行异常检测与隔离；在全局融合阶段，构建检测统计量的归一化阈值比，作为量测噪声方差阵的权重系数，对子滤波器进行加权量测更新。街道场景中的离线测试结果表明，所提算法的导航误差均值与标准差相对于其他的异常检测与容错算法分别减小了9.6%与2.7%，提高了组合导航系统的异常检测能力和容错性能。