磁耦合谐振式超导无线电能传输线圈错动对传输效率的影响仿真

超导以其低阻抗的特性,受到了广泛关注和应用.将超导线圈引入无线电能传输系统中,能够提升其传输性能.本文通过有限元仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics对超导线圈错动对无线电能传输系统传输性能的影响进行了仿真,得出超导无线电能传输性能较之传统的在线圈错动时性能更好,在大功率的使用场合中能更好的适应实际情况,减少损耗,提升传输质量,为超导无线电能传输技术的应用提供了一定的参考依据.     

利用回波相干性的医学超声成像相位畸变校正方法

为了提高相位畸变条件下的医学超声成像的横向分辨率和对比度,提出了一种利用回波信号相干性的校正方法。首先给出平均相干系数的概念,并将其作为相位误差校正的度量,然后通过最大化平均相干系数逐步校正各个通道的延时误差,最后再利用经过校正的数据计算出一组新的相干系数并对回波信号进行加权优化,从而得到最终用于成像的数据。对点散射目标及斑散射目标的仿真结果分别显示,利用所提出的方法横向分辨率提高了约0.24 mm,对比度提高了约18 dB,且要优于邻近阵元互相关方法和相干系数直接加权的处理方法。利用回波相干性的相位畸变校正方法结合了相位误差校正和加权处理的优点,可以有效地改善医学超声成像的质量。      

气体钻井钻柱气固耦合横向振动的数学建模与求解

建立了考虑气体钻井液对钻柱内外耦合影响时的钻柱横向振动模型,包含了钻柱轴力、钻柱内注入压力、环空压力以及钻柱内气体对钻柱振动的影响;求解了钻柱振动方程,并分析了钻柱横向振动固有频率。研究表明注入物质的流动速度对钻柱的横向振动固有频率影响很大,流动速度达到一定程度时对钻柱的稳定性有较大影响,可能诱发钻柱弯曲失稳。     

Reduced Fidelity Susceptibility in One-Dimensional Transverse Field Ising Model

We study critical behaviors of the reduced fidelity susceptibility for two neighboring sites in the onedimensional transverse field Ising model. It is found that the divergent behaviors of the susceptibility take the form of square of logarithm, in contrast with the global ground-state fidelity susceptibility which is power divergence. In order to perform a scaling analysis, we take the square root of the susceptibility and determine the scaling exponent analytically and the result is further confirmed by numerical calculations.     

A time-dependent density functional theory investigation of plasmon resonances of linear Au atomic chains

We report theoretical studies on the plasmon resonances in linear Au atomic chains by using ab initio time-dependent density functional theory. The dipole responses are investigated each as a function of chain length. They converge into a single resonance in the longitudinal mode but split into two transverse modes. As the chain length increases, the longitudinal plasmon mode is redshifted in energy while the transverse modes shift in the opposite direction (blueshifts). In addition, the energy gap between the two transverse modes reduces with chain length increasing. We find that there are unique characteristics, different from those of other metallic chains. These characteristics are crucial to atomic-scale engineering of single-molecule sensing, optical spectroscopy, and so on.     

Dynamic behaviour of axially moving nanobeams based on nonlocal elasticity approach

In this article, transverse free vibrations of axially moving nanobeams subjected to axial tension are studied based on nonlocal stress elasticity theory. A new higher-order differential equation of motion is derived from the variational principle with corresponding higher-order, non-classical boundary conditions. Two supporting conditions are investigated, i.e. simple supports and clamped supports. Effects of nonlocal nanoscale, dimensionless axial velocity, density and axial tension on natural frequencies are presented and discussed through numerical examples. It is found that these factors have great influence on the dynamic behaviour of an axially moving nanobeam. In particular, the nonlocal effect tends to induce higher vibration frequencies as compared to the results obtained from classical vibration theory. Analytical solutions for critical velocity of these nanobeams when the frequency vanishes are also derived and the influences of nonlocal nanoscale and axial tension on the critical velocity are discussed.     

采用衍射掩模产生白光横向平顶光束

白光横向平顶光束在定向背光式自由立体显示器中有重要应用.本文提出一种采用带蝶形小孔阵列的衍射掩模片获得白光横向平顶光束的方法.根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分和多波长叠加原理,推导出光强分布计算式.设计一套实验装置,数值模拟并实验验证出射光束在不同距离的横向光强分布以及小孔蝶形凹度(蝶形中心高度与边长的比值)对横向光强分布的影响.结果表明:当选择小孔蝶形凹度为0.50—0.66时,可以得到平顶因子F 0.89的白光横向平顶光束,横向平顶光束的宽度随着传输距离的增大而增大,而平顶因子基本不变.实验还发现柱面透镜的折射色散和衍射色散可以互相抵消,使白光横向平顶光束基本无色散.     

基于片层光照明的新型单分子横向磁镊

磁镊是一种高精度的单分子技术,它用磁场对连有生物大分子的超顺磁球产生磁力,通过追踪磁球的位置来测量生物大分子的长度信息.磁镊包括横向磁镊和纵向磁镊.纵向磁镊空间精度高,但昂贵;横向磁镊简单便宜,但由于受其成像原理的限制,一般情况下只能连接较长的DNA等生物大分子,且其空间精度较差,进而限制了其应用范围.为了解决这个问题,本文改进了横向磁镊,用片层光照明的方法使光线主要被磁球散射,从而能够直接观察到吸附在样品槽侧壁上的磁球,这使得测量短连接的底物成为可能.对于实际应用的检测,首先测试了包含270 bp发卡结构的0.5μm双链DNA,用其中发卡结构的"折叠-去折叠"跳变过程证明了改进后的横向磁镊的确可以追踪短DNA等生物大分子.然后,进一步用16μm的λ-DNA检验了实验系统.最后,将新型横向磁镊与普通横向磁镊及纵向磁镊在小力和大力条件下拉伸不同长度DNA的噪声进行了比较,发现改进后的横向磁镊在空间精度上明显优于普通横向磁镊,与纵向磁镊相比也无明显差异.以上结果证明了改进后的横向磁镊的精度优势,并扩展了横向磁镊的应用范围.     

利用光前量子化方法计算电子的广义横向动量分布函数

强子和轻子是目前实验所能观测到的最小微观结构,但根据量子色动力学（QCD）,强子内还存在着部分子结构。在理论计算中,从Wigner函数出发可以得到多种分布函数,如横向动量分布函数（TMD）、广义部分子分布函数（GPD）以及广义横向动量分布函数（GTMD）。其中GTMD包含粒子内部部分子的三维动量和位置信息,从GTMD出发通过对横向动量积分和取横向转移动量为零分别得到GPD和TMD。本工作通过引入电子的光前波函数计算出物理电子的GTMD,并以此为出发点得到物理电子的TMD和GPD。一方面通过与微扰论的TMD和GPD的结果对比可以证明我们的计算结果是合理的,同时讨论了GPD中P波和S波的贡献。另一方面给出物理电子的内部部分子分布随横向转移动量、部分子横向动量以及纵向动量分数的变化关系。In anlogous to hadron, electron has similar structure because of dressing. So we can define the Transverse Momentum Distribution functions (TMD), the General Parton Distribution functions (GPD) and General Transverse Momentum Distribution functions (GTMD) of electron which come from the Wigner distribution function. The GTMD contain the information of momentum and position of parton in one particle, and the GPD or TMD can be calculated by integration of transverse momentum or setting the transverse transfer momentum which equal to zero. We introduce the light-front wave function of electron to calculate the GTMD of dressed electron, and then get the TMD and GPD. Our results are verified by comparing to calculations in literature and the contribution of GPD of P-wave and S-wave. And we show that the distribution functions at different transverse momentum transfer, transverse momentum of parton and the fraction of longitudinal momentum.