稳态微聚束加速器光源

稳态微聚束(steady-state micro-bunching, SSMB)原理采用激光操控储存环中的电子,可形成具有精微纵向/时间结构的电子束团,即微聚束.通过有机结合微聚束辐射的强相干特性以及储存环内电子束的高回旋频率特性, SSMB光源可提供高平均功率、窄带宽的相干辐射,波段可覆盖从太赫兹到软X射线,具有巨大的科学及产业应用前景.本文在对现有加速器光源—同步辐射光源和自由电子激光简要介绍的基础上,对SSMB的概念及潜力、原理验证实验进展、核心物理及关键技术挑战、清华SSMB-EUV光源方案及其对科学研究和芯片光刻潜在的变革性影响进行总结论述.所综述的工作是在我国自己创新性工作基础上进行的,对于国内读者了解该领域的工作及发展具有一定的帮助.     

Bunch evolution study in optimization of Me V ultrafast electron diffraction

Megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction（UED） is a promising detection tool for ultrafast processes.The quality of diffraction image is determined by the transverse evolution of the probe bunch. In this paper, we study the contributing terms of the emittance and space charge effects to the bunch evolution in the MeV UED scheme, employing a mean-field model with an ellipsoidal distribution as well as particle tracking simulation. The small transverse dimension of the drive laser is found to be critical to improve the reciprocal resolution, exploiting both smaller emittance and larger transverse bunch size before the solenoid. The degradation of the reciprocal spatial resolution caused by the space charge effects should be carefully controlled.     

Extracting cavity and pulse phases from limited data for coherent pulse stacking

Coherent pulse stacking(CPS) is a new time-domain coherent addition technique that stacks several optical pulses into a single output pulse, enabling high pulse energy and high average power. A Z-domain model targeting the pulsed laser is assembled to describe the optical interference process. An algorithm, extracting the cavity phase and pulse phases from limited data, where only the pulse intensity is available, is developed to diagnose optical cavity resonators. We also implement the algorithm on the cascaded system of multiple optical cavities,achieving phase errors less than 1.0°(root mean square), which could ensure the stability of CPS.     

用于频域方法测量超短电子束纵向分布的Kramers-Krönig变换研究

Kramers-Krönig(K-K)变换方法被广泛地应用于频域测量中还原超短电子束团分布,成为分析电子束团形状、长度等参量的有效工具. 研究发现,利用该方法分析电子束参量时,自相干曲线基底的选择、低频损耗与高频截止及插值外推位置的选择,对束团参量有重要的影响. 以清华大学加速器实验平台采用相干渡越辐射测试束团长度为例,分析了上述参量的选取对测量结果的影响,讨论了选择K-K变换的关键物理参量的方法. 关键词： Kramers-Krönig变换 频域测量 超短电子束团 相干渡越辐射     

X波段重频过模返波振荡器实验研究

根据两腔振荡器和返波管的特点研制了过模结构返波振荡器, 该器件主要由调制腔和换能腔(慢波结构)两部分组成. 调制腔既是电子束的预调制腔, 也是微波谐振反射腔, 它同换能腔形成一个过模微波谐振腔,经调制腔调制后的电子束在换能腔中实现束波能量转换. 根据加速器的电子束参数(束压为1 MV,束流为20 kA)设计了一个X波段的高功率微波器件,2.5维粒子模拟程序模拟得到微波频率为8.25 GHz,输出功率为5.70 GW. 用超导磁体作为引导磁场,单次运行输出微波功率为5.20 GW,微波频率为(8.25±0. 关键词： 两腔振荡器 返波振荡器 多波切连科夫发生器     

低功率驱动的高功率微波放大器实验研究

在器件设计上,针对低功率驱动的高功率微波放大器或高增益放大器中的高次模激励和自激振荡问题,采取了降低电子束同器件前端结构耦合等措施,来保证器件在工作区间完全处于放大状态,通过PIC模拟,设计了低功率驱动的S波段高功率微波放大器(电子束:流强7.5 kA,电子能量750 kV),注入微波6.8 kW时,模拟微波输出功率1.7 GW,增益53.9 dB.在Sinus加速器平台上开展了相应的实验研究: 注入微波62 kW时,微波输出功率达到2.04 GW(电子束:流强8 kA,电子能量800 kV), 输出频率 关键词： 高功率微波 微波器件 高增益 模式控制     

宽带高功率贴片天线优化设计与实验

研制了中心频率为300 MHz的宽带高功率贴片天线,并进行了高功率实验研究。采用Taguchi全局优化算法对双层贴片天线的结构参数进行优化设计,使其驻波比小于3的带宽达到60.2%,最大增益8.1dB。为提高其功率容量,对贴片、介质基底和馈电结构进行了改进和相应的绝缘设计。小信号测试结果与理论计算吻合,实测带宽达到64.2%。高功率实验中,馈入峰值89 kV和-81 kV的双极的脉冲,辐射因子达到75.2 kV,等效峰值辐射功率为188.5 MW,辐射场频谱的3 dB带宽为46%,实测能量方向图与模拟结果相符,半能量角宽约为90°。     

折射率渐变透镜的数值设计

传统折射率渐变透镜的设计要求初级馈源天线具有稳定的相位中心,这就限制了透镜的应用范围。为拓宽透镜的应用范围,提出了一种折射率渐变透镜的数值设计方法,通过对馈源天线的极化电场离散采样获得相位信息,并据此设计透镜,随后用金属短线结构的新型人工电磁材料来实现这种透镜。这种设计方法简单灵活,对馈源天线没有限制。以经典矩形贴片天线为例,比较了贴片天线和透镜天线的回波损耗和远场方向图,结果表明运用这种方法设计的透镜使贴片天线的增益提高了2 dB,口径效率从62%提高到了99%。     

TW Laser system for Thomson scattering X-ray light source at Tsinghua University

A TW (Tera Watt) laser system based on Ti:sapphire mainly for the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray light source (TTX) is being built. Both UV (ultraviolet) laser pulse for driving the photocathode radio-frequency (RF) gun and the IR (infrared) laser pulse as the electron-beam-scattered-light are provided by the system. Efforts have also been made in laser pulse shaping and laser beam transport to optimize the high-brightness electron beam production by the photocathode RF gun.     

Development of Mini-LIA and Primary Experiments

Mini-LIA is a miniature of a linear induction accelerator developed by China Academy of Engineering Physics and Tsinghua University in 2007. It has been constructed with a thermionic cathode in an electron injector and a metglas core in the induction accelerator cavities. A double-pulsed electron beam was produced for the first time in China on the Mini-LIA with a thermionic cathode in the electron gun and a metglas core in the induction accelerator cavities. A double-pulsed beam current of more than 1.1 A was obtained on condition of 80 k V double-pulsed high voltage produced by pulsed power system supplying to the injector and accelerating modules. Some primary experiments for measuring the parameters of Mini-LIA has been performed, and some beam characterizations of Mini-LIA are presented. Further improvement is underway.