紫外指纹图谱结合化学计量学对不同产地中药三七的鉴别研究

三七[Panax notoginseng(Burkill)F.H.Chen]为我国传统名贵中药,其质量受生长环境影响。本研究采用紫外指纹图谱技术建立快速准确的定性方法,研究不同产地三七之间的关系。采集云南10个不同地区共50个三七样品的紫外光谱,通过3组平均、4点平滑和1阶求导对原始图谱进行优化处理;考察样品超纯水、95%乙醇和三氯甲烷提取液紫外光谱的吸收峰数目,确定最佳提取溶剂;比较三七紫外光谱特征,探讨不同产地样品间的差异;利用偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square discrimination analysis,PLSDA)对光谱数据进行处理,研究不同产地三七样品之间的关系。结果显示,样品三氯甲烷提取液紫外光谱的吸收峰数目最多,该方法的精密度、重复性和在30h内稳定性的变异系数RSD%分别在0.00~0.42,0.00~0.54,0.00~0.60之间。不同产地三七样品的紫外光谱峰形相似,吸光度值具有差异,呈现一定指纹特性;主要共有峰为194,200,204,210和218nm,吸光度分布在0.00~4.00之间,表明三七的主要成分组成与产地相关性低,含量与产地存在相关性。PLS-DA得分图直观显示了不同产地样品的分类情况及三七样品之间的关系,图谱相似的样品聚在较近区域,图谱有差异的样品区分较为明显,10个产地样品被分为四类。该方法能快速准确对不同产地三七样品进行定性分析,阐明样品紫外指纹图谱与产地的关系,为中药的资源鉴别提供理论参考。     

Complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data for nine protopanaxatriol glycosides

Nine protopanaxatriol glycosides isolated from mild acid hydrolysis products of crude root saponins of Panax notoginseng were identified as 20(R)‐ginsenoside‐Rh1, 20(S)‐ginsenoside‐Rh1, ginsenoside‐Rg1, ‐Re and ‐Rg2, notoginsenoside‐R2 and ‐R1, a mixture of 25‐hydroxy‐20(S)‐ginsenoside‐Rh1 and its C‐20 (R) epimer, ginsenoside‐Rh4. The complete assignments of the ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts for these glycosides were obtained by means of 2D NMR techniques, including ¹H–¹H COSY, ROESY, HMQC, HMBC and HMQC‐TOCSY spectra. The glycosylation shift effect of protopanaxatriol and the differences in chemical shifts between 20(R)‐ and 20(S)‐protopanaxatriol isomers are also discussed. Except for ginsenoside‐Re and ‐Rg2, complete NMR assignments of the other seven glycosides are reported for the first time. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三七不同部位成分的谱学性质研究

采用不同溶剂提取了三七的不同部位,即提取三七皮和芯的化学成分,通过研究提取液的紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、荧光光谱(FS)、电喷雾离子质谱(ESI-MS)及高效液相色谱(HPLC),寻找谱学特征与其化学成分的相关性,从化学成分的角度解释了三七皮与芯的药理效应差异的可能原因。     

红外光谱结合判别分析对三七道地性及产地的鉴别研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合判别分析对三七的道地性及产地进行鉴别研究。测试了11个县13个种植点的136株三七主根样品的红外光谱, 利用Omnic8.0软件计算了每个样品红外光谱的二阶导数光谱。分别采用1 800～700 cm-1光谱范围的红外光谱数据和二阶导数光谱数据, 运用逐步判别分析法建立模型对三七的道地性进行判别研究, 二阶导数光谱数据建立的模型对三七道地性的识别效果更好, 回判正确率为100%, 预测正确率为93.4%。采用交叉验证法检验了模型的稳定性, 并对此方法进行了外推性验证。用二阶导数光谱数据结合相同的判别方法对三七的产地进行识别, 比较了不同光谱范围和不同训练样本数建立的模型判别效果, 每个种植点选择8个样本作为训练样本, 采用1 500～1 200 cm-1光谱范围的数据建立的模型判别效果较好, 回判正确率为99.0%, 预测正确率为76.5%。结果表明, 红外光谱结合判别分析对三七道地性的识别效果好, 有望成为实际中鉴别三七道地性的新方法;对三七产地的识别有一定的效果, 可作为三七产地鉴别的一种新思路。     

Two New Dammarane‐Type Bisdesmosides from the Fruit Pedicels of Panax notoginseng

Two new dammarane‐type triterpenoidal saponins, notoginsenosides FP₁ ( 1 ) and FP₂ ( 2 ), were isolated from the fruit pedicels of Panax notoginseng, along with 22 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and chemical methods. The known compounds were identified as ginsenosides Rg₁ ( 3 ), Re ( 4 ), Rb₃ ( 5 ), Rc ( 6 ), Rd ( 7 ), Rb₂ ( 8 ), Rb₁ ( 9 ), F₂ ( 10 ), and F₁ ( 11 ); as notoginsenosides R₁ ( 12 ), Fa ( 13 ), and Fc ( 14 ); as vina‐ginsenoside R₇ ( 15 ); as gypenosides IX ( 16 ), XVII ( 17 ), and XIII ( 18 ), and as chikusetsusaponin‐L₅ ( 19 ), quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐galactopyranoside ( 20 ), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐galactopyranoside ( 21 ), benzyl‐β‐primeveroside ( 22 ), (S)‐tryptophan ( 23 ), and icariside B₆ ( 24 ). Compounds 15, 19 and 22 – 24 are reported for the first time from the title plant.     

泡沫浮选法分离富集三七中的4种人参皂苷

采用泡沫浮选法对三七提取液中的人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd进行了分离富集,并用高效液相色谱法分别测定了含量.考察了浮选液浓度、浮选时间、浮选液pH值、氮气流速和电解质NaCl浓度对浮选效率的影响.结果表明:泡沫浮选法对4种皂苷均有较好的分离富集效果,尤其是对人参二醇型皂苷(Rb1,Rd)效果更为明显.当浮选液浓度为2.0 mg/mL,pH值为2～3,氮气流速为20 mL/min,浮选时间10 min,电解质氯化钠浓度0.20 mol/L,泡沫浮选效果最佳.     

New triterpenoid saponins from the steaming treated roots of Panax notoginseng

Further phytochemical investigation of the steaming treated roots of Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) led to the identification of two new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, notoginsenoside SP20 (1) and SP21 (2). In addition, a pair of new phenolic glycosides (3a and 3b) was also isolated together with two known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 showed no in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7712, A-549, MCF-9 and SW480).     

Comparative study on chemical components and anti‐inflammatory effects of Panax notoginseng flower extracted by water and methanol

Methanol and water are commonly used solvents for chemical analysis and traditional decoction, respectively. In the present study, a high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method was developed to quantify 11 saponins in Panax notoginseng flower extracted by aqueous solution and methanol, and chemical components and anti‐inflammatory effects of these two extracts were compared. The separation of 11 saponins, including notoginsenoside Fc and ginsenoside Rc, was well achieved on a Zorbax SB C18 column. This developed method provides an adequate linearity (r ² > 0.999), repeatability (RSD < 4.26%), inter‐ and intraday variations (RSD < 3.20%) with recovery (94.7–104.1%) of 11 saponins concerned. Our data indicated that ginsenoside biotransformation in PNF was found, when water was used as the extraction solvent, but not methanol. Specifically, the major components of Panax notoginseng flower, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd, can be near completely transformed to the minor components, gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, notoginsenoside Fd, and ginsenoside F2, respectively. Total protein isolated from Panax notoginseng flower is responsible for this ginsenoside biotransformation. Additionally, methanol extract exerted the stronger anti‐inflammatory effects than water extract in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 cells. This difference in anti‐inflammatory action might be attributed to their chemical difference of saponins.     

Process development for the decoloration of Panax notoginseng extracts: A design space approach

A systematic, yet simple method for the decoloration of Panax notoginseng extracts has been developed by static adsorption tests and response surface methodology. Through static adsorption experiment screening, acidic alumina was selected because of its high decoloration ratio and saponin recovery ratios. Using response surface methodology, the correlation between the process parameters (i.e., sample volume and flow rate) and decoloration performance was modeled. A design space of the decoloration process was subsequently established through the proposed models. The verification experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values. The design space was proven reliable, because all the verification experimental results attained the criteria for design space development. Moreover, most of the saponins adsorbed by the acidic alumina could be recovered through dynamic desorption using water and ethanol. The method developed in the current study is highly efficient, flexible, and easy to control, thus providing a promising approach for the decoloration of Panax notoginseng extracts with consistent decoloration performance.     

A Novel Hexanordammarane Glycoside from the Roots of Panax notoginseng

There are extensive chemical studies on the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a famous traditional Chinese medicine called San-Qi or Tian-Qi, thirty-three dammarane saponins were isolated and their structures were identified by our group and other scientists1-8. Further chemical investigation on this plant led to the isolation of a novel hexanordammarane glycoside, named notoginsenoside R10 (1).Notoginsenoside R10 (1), white powder, negative HRFAB-MS showed a quasimolecular…