红外光谱结合判别分析对三七道地性及产地的鉴别研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合判别分析对三七的道地性及产地进行鉴别研究。测试了11个县13个种植点的136株三七主根样品的红外光谱,利用Omnic8.0软件计算了每个样品红外光谱的二阶导数光谱。分别采用1 800~700cm-1光谱范围的红外光谱数据和二阶导数光谱数据,运用逐步判别分析法建立模型对三七的道地性进行判别研究,二阶导数光谱数据建立的模型对三七道地性的识别效果更好,回判正确率为100%,预测正确率为93.4%。采用交叉验证法检验了模型的稳定性,并对此方法进行了外推性验证。用二阶导数光谱数据结合相同的判别方法对三七的产地进行识别,比较了不同光谱范围和不同训练样本数建立的模型判别效果,每个种植点选择8个样本作为训练样本,采用1 500~1 200cm-1光谱范围的数据建立的模型判别效果较好,回判正确率为99.0%,预测正确率为76.5%。结果表明,红外光谱结合判别分析对三七道地性的识别效果好,有望成为实际中鉴别三七道地性的新方法;对三七产地的识别有一定的效果,可作为三七产地鉴别的一种新思路。     

New Dammarane‐Type Saponins from the Roots of Panax notoginseng

Three new dammarane‐type triterpenoid saponins, 1 – 3 , were isolated and identified as (20S)‐20‐O‐[β‐D ‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl]dammar‐24‐ene‐3β,6α,12β, 20‐tetrol ( 1 ), (20S)‐6‐O‐[(E)‐but‐2‐enoyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl]dammar‐24‐ene‐3β,6α,12β,20‐tetrol ( 2 ), and (20S)‐6‐O‐[β‐D ‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐xylopyranosyl]dammar‐24‐ene‐3β,6α,12β,20‐tetrol ( 3 ) from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burkill ) F.H.Chen (Araliaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques and HR‐ESI‐MS, as well as by acidic hydrolysis.     

Two New Dammarane Glycosides from the Acid Hydrolysis Product of Panax Notoginseng

In our continuing research works on Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a famous traditional Chinese herb medicine1, two new dammarane glycosides named notoginsenosides T1 (1) and T2 (2) were isolated from the mild acid hydrolysis products of the root saponins. We report herein the structure elucidation of these two novel glycosides.Notoginsenosides T1(1) was obtained as white solid, [(] = +14.49 (0.50, MeOH). Its negative mode HR-FAB-MS spectrum showing the quasimolecular ion peak a…     

一种基于近红外光谱技术的不同品种及掺假三七的无损鉴别分析研究

基于近红外光谱技术与化学计量学方法,提出了一种不同品种及掺假三七的快速无损鉴别方法。分别采集景天三七、菊三七、血三七、田三七完整、粉末及掺假样品的近红外光谱,采用单一和组合预处理方法消除光谱中的干扰,筛选出最佳的预处理方法;结合主成分分析法建立不同品种以及掺假三七样品的鉴别模型。结果表明：结合主成分分析,采用原始光谱即可实现粉末及掺假样品的100%鉴别分析,而完整样品由于受到物理性状的干扰,其原始光谱数据的品种鉴别率仅为9.38%;而经连续小波变换预处理后可达93.75%。采用组合预处理方法可以进一步消除光谱存在的多种干扰,显著提高完整样品的鉴别准确性,采用去偏移 + 一阶导数、去偏移+连续小波变换以及二阶导数+标准正态变量变换预处理方法预处理后,完整样品的鉴别准确率达到了93.75%。以上结果表明,采用近红外光谱技术与化学计量学方法可有效实现对不同品种以及掺假三七的快速无损鉴别分析。     

红外光谱对三七及其野生近缘种亲缘关系研究

野生近缘种在丰富种质资源以及改善栽培物种品质产量方面具有十分重要的意义和作用。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对三七及其野生近缘种亲缘关系进行探讨,以期为三七的品种改良及种质资源开发利用提供理论基础。采集三七及其4个野生近缘种(珠子参、屏边三七、越南人参、羽叶三七)、三七总皂苷标准品红外光谱,将三七及其野生近缘种红外光谱进行自动基线校正、平滑、纵坐标归一化、二阶导数预处理,结合主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析及系统聚类分析进行亲缘关系研究。结果显示,三七与三七总皂苷标准品红外光谱在3 400,2 930,1 635,1 385,1 075,927 cm~(-1)等附近存在多个共有峰,推测这些共有峰强度与皂苷含量之间有一定关系;三七及其野生近缘种原始光谱较为相似,存在C-H,C=O,O—H,C—N,C—O等官能团吸收峰,不同物种的二阶导数红外光谱指纹区(1 800~500 cm~(-1))具有较大差异,如1 385和784 cm~(-1)等特征吸收峰差异明显;选取指纹区光谱数据进行主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析,通过比对两种方法的3D得分图,偏最小二乘判别分析对物种的区分效果优于主成分分析;前6个主成分数据的系统聚类分析表明,三七与越南人参、珠子参亲缘关系较近,与屏边三七、羽叶三七亲缘关系较远。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学的方法能有效对三七及其野生近缘种进行亲缘关系分析,同时为药用植物种质资源相关研究提供借鉴与参考。     

High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the active saponins from Panax notoginseng in rat tissues

A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was used to determine the ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1 and Rd of Panax notoginseng in rat tissues (kidney, liver, heart, spleen and lung) after the administration of total saponins of P. notoginseng. The tissue samples were treated with solid-phase extraction prior to HPLC. The calibration curves for the three saponins were linear in the given concentration ranges. The intra-day and inter-day assay coefficients in tissues were between 76 and 120% respectively. The recoveries of all the tissues were higher than 70%. This method was applied to evaluate the distribution of the three major saponins of P. notoginseng in rat tissues.     

FTIR结合化学计量学对三七产地鉴别及皂苷含量预测研究

不同产地对中药次生代谢产物有显著影响,产地鉴别有助于中药的科学合理利用;其次,有效成分含量检测是评价中药质量的主要手段。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学建立快速鉴别三七产地及测定三七中四种主要皂苷的方法,为三七的科学、合理、规范使用以及对三七质量进行快速评价提供依据。采集5个区域12个产地117个三七样本的红外光谱。产地鉴别预处理数据采用离散小波变换除去噪音造成的部分高频信号,偏最小二乘判别对产地判别贡献率大于1的数据进行筛选,kennard-stone算法将117个个体分为70%训练集与30%预测集。训练集数据用于建立支持向量机判别模型,交叉验证法用于筛选支持向量机最优参数,预测集数据对支持向量机判别模型结果进行验证。皂苷含量预测预处理数据采用标准正态变量变换、离散小波变换处理;处理的红外数据设为X变量,三七样品中通过高效液相色谱法测得的四种皂苷总量设为Y变量,采用正交信号校正去除红外光谱中与四种皂苷总量无关的干扰数据。个体数据分为80%训练集与20%预测集,训练集建立偏最小二乘回归模型,预测集数据对偏最小二乘回归模型的预测结果进行验证。结果显示： (1)交叉验证法得到支持向量机判别模型的最优参数为c=2.828 43,g=0.062 5,训练集的产地判别最优正确率为91.463 4%;(2)支持向量机判别模型参数设置为最优参数,代入预测集数据,预测集的产地判别正确率为94.285 7%,判别正确率较高;(3)训练集建立偏最小二乘回归模型的相关系数R2=0.941 8,校正均方差RMSEE=4.530 7;(4)代入预测集数据,预测集的相关系数R2=0.962 3,外部检验均方差RMSEP=3.855 9,皂苷预测值与高效液相检测值接近,预测效果良好。傅里叶变换红外光谱结合支持向量机能对三七进行产地鉴别,正交信号校正结合偏最小二乘回归能对三七中四种主要皂苷总量进行准确预测,为三七质量控制提供一种快速简便、无损、高灵敏度的检测方法。     

中药材三七提取液近红外光谱的支持向量机回归校正方法

提出近红外光谱的支持向量机回归校正建模方法.以中药材三七渗漉提取液为实际分析对象,对其近红外光谱数据进行预处理和主成分分析后,用支持向量机回归算法建立人参皂苷R_g1,R_b1和R_d以及三七总皂苷的近红外光谱校正模型.以R_g1,R_b1和R_d的HPLC测定值及三七总皂苷的比色法测定值为参照,将本文方法与偏最小二乘回归和径向基神经网络建模方法相比较,结果表明,本文所建模型的预测准确性优于后两者,可推广应用于中药提取过程的近红外光谱分析.     

Determination of Active Components in a Natural Herb with Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Artificial Neural Networks

The non-linear relationships between the contents of ginsenoside Rg1, Rb2, Rd and Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) in Panax notoginseng root herb and the near infrared(NIR) diffuse reflectance spectra of the herb were established by means of artificial neural networks(ANNs). Four three-layered perception feed-for-ward networks were trained with an error back-propagation algorithm. The significant principal components of the NIR spectral data matrix were utilized as the input of the networks. The networks architecture and parameters were selected so as to offer less prediction errors. Relative prediction errors for Rg1, Rb1, Rd and PNS obtained with the optimum ANN models were 8.99%, 6.54%, 8.29%, and 5.17%, respectively, which were superior to those obtained with PLSR methods. It is verified that ANN is a suitable approach to model this complex non-linearity. The developed method is fast, non-destructive and accurate and it provides a new efficient approach for determining the active components in the complex system of natural herbs.