理论力学课堂教学效果的思考与探讨

针对理论力学课程的特点与学生的学习现状,从课堂内容、教学方式等方面进行了研究分析,探讨在新的教学理念下,如何激发学生的学习兴趣、开阔学生的视野、发挥学生的潜力以及培养学生的创新意识,从而为教学效果的提高和教育目标的实现提供了新的思路。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的弹道导弹落点密集度验前估计

为获得弹道导弹落点密集度的验前估计,应用蒙特卡罗法设计了一种基于制导工具误差的模拟打靶试验统计方法。建立了由制导工具误差到导弹飞行主动段终点偏差的误差传递方程,推导出18项参数的环境函数矩阵,然后利用椭圆弹道理论将主动段终点偏差折算落点偏差,完成了由靶场验前测试数据到落点密集度的统计试验估计模型。实现了伪随机数的产生和抽样,并对其进行了参数检验、均匀性检验和随机性检验。利用某型弹道导弹靶场单元测试数据进行模拟打靶试验,统计试验结果得到落点CEP和密集度的估计值和置信区间。飞行试验结果证实了该方法的可行性。     

The ultimate goal of modeling—Simulation of system and plant performance

Modern production processes in chemical, pharmaceutical and biological industries are characterized by complex process structures, which consist of different apparatuses and process steps. Modeling the entire process requires simulating all units altogether, while taking into account interconnections between them. Nevertheless, in the area of solids processing, there is nowadays an unfilled gap from the side of computer support of process modeling in allowing effective optimization and prediction of the behavior of the whole plant.This paper presents a tool for flowsheet simulation which allows the simulation of the stationary behavior of complex processes dealing with solids and its extension towards dynamic modeling. Also, a new simulation concept is proposed on the basis of the multiscale approach. On the macroscale, flowsheet simulation is performed with the help of the SolidSim system. Parameters for the macromodels in SolidSim are predicted by microscale simulation. The models for the two scales are then coupled by inter-scale communication laws. Application of the proposed modeling concept is shown by an example of fluidized bed granulation.     

汽车覆盖件工具曲面有限元网格自适应转换方法

提出一种适用于汽车覆盖件曲面有限元网格转化和在单元水平上提高模拟精度的方法,将平面下通过合并三角形单元成四边形单元的有限元网格转换方法的应用范围扩展到曲面,并且降低了对初始网格形状的要求。算法的关键在于增加了对曲面相邻单元不同夹角情况下的处理和优化规则,以使其能够更好地拟合原始CAD曲面。     

钻柱力学基本方程及其应用

建立了适用于钻柱几何非线性动力分析的钻柱动力学基本方程，在此基础上建立了导向钻具三维小挠度静力分析的数学模型、导向钻具三维大挠度静力分析的数学模型、钻柱稳态拉力－扭矩模型。     

基于遥外差数据估算初始定位误差的新方法

针对潜地导弹初始定位误差的估算问题,提出一种基于发射惯性系下遥外差数据进行解算的初始定位误差估算的新方法.该方法基于制导工具误差的产生机理及传递关系:建立了初始定位误差与遥外测数据之间的关系,推导出利用遥外差数据估算初始定位误差的数学模型,结合飞行试验数据分析了该方法的计算精度.在研究遥外差信息选取原则的基础上,重点分析了外测数据随机误差对于估算精度的影响,并提出了时间域上的最小二乘改进算法来提高估计结果的精度.利用飞行试验测量数据来验证该算法,计算结果证实了该估算方法的有效性和可行性.     

Infrared Absorption Intensity Analysis as a New Tool for Investigation of Salt Effect on Proteins

The native protein structures in buffer solution are maintained by the electrostatic force as well as the hydrophobic force, salt ions play an important role in maintaining the protein native structures, and their effect on the protein stability has attracted tremendous interests. Infrared spectroscopy has been generally used in molecular structure analysis due to its fingerprint resolution for different species including macromolecules as proteins. However spectral intensities have received much less attention than the vibrational frequencies. Here we report that the spectral intensities of protein amide I band, the finger prints for the protein secondary structures, are very sensitive to the local electric field known as Onsager reaction field caused by salt ions. IR absorbance thermal titrations have been conducted for a series of samples including simple water soluble amino acids, water soluble monomeric protein cytochrome c and dimeric protein DsbC and its single-site mutant G49R. We found that at lower temperature range （10-20℃）, there exists a thermal activated salting-in process, where the IR intensity increases with a rise in the temperature, corresponding to the ions binding of the hydrophobic surface of protein. This process is absent for the amino acids. When further raising the temperature, the IR intensity decreases, this is interpreted as the thermal activated breaking of the ion-protein surface binding. Applying Van＇t Hoff plot to the thermal titration curves, the thermodynamic parameters such as AH and AS for salting-in and ion unbinding processes can be derived for various protein secondary structural components, revealing quantitatively the extent of hydrophobic interaction as well as the strength of the ion-protein binding.     

促进杂化轨道高效教学的信息化工具研究

探讨了杂化轨道教学中存在的主要问题,提出利用信息技术教学工具实施课堂教学和活动来加以解决的思路。根据杂化轨道教学重点和难点,针对性地开发了一套课堂教学工具（软件）,并概述了该工具的主要功能。基于该教学工具的课堂教学实践表明,能在1课时的条件下,让学生理解杂化轨道的基本概念和轨道杂化的过程,特别是对轨道能量、轨道构型、电子排布、轨道叠加和成键过程以及原理等方面建立清晰的认识,解决杂化轨道所涉及的一般问题。     

运用Word自带工具绘制化学图形的实践

从软件基本界面与基础图形绘制介绍着手,以流程图、曲线图、有机物结构简式和实验装置图等为例,介绍了利用微软公司Word 2013绘图工具绘制复杂化学矢量图形的创新方法和技巧,为化学图形制作提供了一种无需借助于其他软件的文档编辑途径。积累绘制的基本图形,创建图形模板库可以为后续的制图提供方便。     

复合材料及其技术在工具研制中的应用

本文报道了复合材料技术在工具制备中的应用.探讨了固态热压法制备金属基金刚石复合材料的成型方法,并研究了工具实际使用过程中金属基胎体与金刚石之间,工具本身与被加工对象以及加工设备和使用者之间的关系.