2,2-双(4-氯-2-氟苄基)丙二酸二乙酯的晶体结构和密度泛函理论研究

标题化合物是一个重要的精细化工中间体,可用于制备嘧啶类、吡唑类等产品。本文利用红外光谱(IR)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(¹³C NMR)和X-射线单晶衍射对此化合物进行了表征,并在B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)模式下使用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了此化合物的最稳定晶体结构以及最高占有分子轨道(HOMO)和最低占有分子轨道(LUMO)能量。结果表明,通过DFT优化的分子结构与X-射线单晶衍射确定的晶体结构基本一致,该化合物属于单斜方P2(1)/n空间群,晶胞参数为:a=1.563 9(10) nm, b=0.778 6(4) nm, c=1.838 2(10) nm,Z=4, ρ_c＝1.345 g·cm^-3,R=0.047 7,R_w=0.138 7。     

SAPO-34提升铁钒基催化剂抗碱性能研究

采用浸渍法制备Fe-VO_x/SAPO-34和Fe-VO_x/TiO₂脱硝催化剂,探究SAPO-34分子筛与TiO₂两种载体负载铁钒基氧化物催化活性及抗碱性能的差异。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、原位红外漫反射(in-situ DRIFTs)等表征手段对催化剂的骨架结构、表面物化性质、氧化还原能力以及对反应气体的吸脱附情况进行分析。结果表明:SAPO-34分子筛内部特定的孔道结构和稳定的骨架,有利于活性组分在载体上均匀分散,降低碱金属对表面活性中心的物理覆盖作用;同时其表面丰富的酸位点能够作为碱金属捕获位,保护催化剂表面的活性中心,保证催化剂的吸附-反应过程能够正常进行,从而使Fe-VO_x/SAPO-34表现出良好的抗碱金属能力。     

石墨烯负载的氧配位钴单原子稳定金属锂负极

Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm⁻³), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m²∙g⁻¹), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻², and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm⁻²). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm⁻², the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm⁻², and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm⁻², its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g⁻¹, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g⁻¹) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries.     

三角代数上的Jordan双导子（英文）

设T是定义在交换环上R的三角代数,φ:T×T→T是定义在T上的任意Jordan双导子.受[Comm.Algebra,2017,45(4):1741-1756]和[Linear Algebra Appl.,2009,431(9):1587-1602]研究的启发,本文致力研究φ的结构形式.我们指出在适当条件下Jordan双导子φ可以分解成内双导子和extremal双导子之和,推广了本方向现有成果.本文结果可直接应用于分块上三角矩阵代数和Hilbert空间定义的套代数.     

椭圆偏振法测定在线Low-E玻璃的可见-近红外光学常数与膜厚

从在线Low-E玻璃光学机理出发,用椭圆偏振光谱仪对在线Low-E玻璃功能层和过渡层的可见-近红外波段的光学常数进行研究.测量了样品在三个不同入射角的椭偏参数,分别用Lorentz双振子模型和Cauchy模型来描述Low-E玻璃功能层和过渡层的光学色散特性.通过拟合椭偏参数获得在线Low-E玻璃的光学常数及每层膜厚度,并用扫描电镜对样品的膜厚进行表征.结果表明,Lorentz双振子模型和Cauchy模型能很好地解释在线Low-E玻璃的光学特性;同时,椭圆偏振法也为多层膜系统提供了一种测定光学常数和膜厚的可靠方法.     

磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子与胰蛋白酶的相互作用

采用微波法得到磁性纳米Fe304粒子,利用XRD,TEM等方法对其粒径大小及形貌进行了表征,结果分析表明产物为纳米级,粒径大小均匀。利用紫外可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱等方法研究了磁性纳米Fe304粒子与胰蛋白酶的相互作用,探讨了纳米粒子对胰蛋白酶的结构及活性的影响。     

空间大气遥感高光谱成像仪光学系统设计

多模式高光谱成像仪已成为空间大气遥感领域的迫切需求,根据多模式空间大气遥感的研究目标,采用扫描系统、离轴抛物面望远系统和双光谱仪级联色散光谱成像系统匹配的结构型式,设计了一个瞬时视场1.8°×0.045°、相对孔径1/2、工作波段250~500nm的星载天底-临边多模式高光谱成像仪光学系统,分成250~330nm和320~500nm两个波段同时探测,利用光学设计软件ZEMAX-EE中进行了光线追迹和优化设计,色散方向不同波长的点列图半径的均方根(RMS)值均小于9.5μm,在250~330nm波段,光谱分辨率为0.17nm,在320~500nm波段,光谱分辨率为0.37nm,均满足小于等于0.6nm的指标要求,高光谱成像仪全系统在空间方向各波长在特征频率处的光学传递函数均达到0.9以上,完全满足成像质量要求,适合空间大气遥感应用。     

正丁基(苯基)[(三甲基硅基)甲基]锡芳香酸酯的合成及结构表征

合成了11个正丁基(苯基)[(三甲基硅基)甲基]锡芳香酸酯,并通过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、IR和元素分析对目标化合物结构进行了表征。生物活性测试的初步结果表明,正丁基(苯基)[(三甲基硅基)甲基]碘化锡及其对-氯苯甲酸酯具有一定的杀螨活性。