Numerical Investigation of Large Elastoplastic Strains of Three-Dimensional Bodies

A method of stress—strain analysis of elastoplastic bodies with large displacements, rotations, and finite strains is developed. The incremental loading technique is used within the framework of the arbitrary Lagrangian—Eulerian formulation. Constitutive equations are derived which relate the Jaumann derivative of the Cauchy—Euler stress tensor and the strain rate. The spatial discretization is based on the FEM and multilinear three-dimensional isoparametric approximation. An algorithm of stress—strain analysis of elastic, hyperelastic, and perfectly plastic bodies is given. Numerical examples demonstrate the capabilities of the method and its software implementation __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 36–43, June 2005.     

Turbulent Channel Flow with an Artificial Two-Dimensional Wall Layer

Turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid in a plane channel with parallel walls is considered. The three-dimensional time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically using the spectral finite-difference method. An artificial force which completely suppresses lateral oscillations of the velocity is introduced in the near-wall zone (10 % of the channel half-width in the neighborhood of each wall). Thus, the three-dimensional flow zone, in which turbulent oscillations can develop, is separated from the wall by a fluid layer. It is found that the elimination of three-dimensionality in the neighborhood of the walls leads to a significant reduction in the drag. However, complete laminarization does not occur. The flow in the stream core remains turbulent and can be interpreted as a turbulent flow in a channel with walls located on the boundary of the two-dimensional layer and traveling at the local mean-flow velocity. The oscillations developing inside the two-dimensional layer, which have significant amplitude, distort the flow only in the adjacent zone. Beyond this zone the distributions of the mean characteristics and the structure of instantaneous fields completely correspond to ordinary turbulent flow in a channel with rigid walls. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis of the unimportance of the no-slip boundary conditions for the fluctuating velocity component in the mechanism of onset and self-maintenance of turbulence in wall flows.     

Measurement of concrete internal strain using a three-dimensional transducer system

A new three-dimensional transducer system is introduced in this paper, which enables the measurement of six internal components of strain tensor in concrete members. Laboratory tests and strain analyses were carried out to evaluate this tranducer system. The results show that the system is effective in measuring internal strains of concrete members. It was then embedded in a reinforced concrete bridge deck in Macomb County, Michigan. Field tests were conducted to measure the strains in the deck under truck wheel load. The results were used to understand the deck's strain and stress behavior under truck wheel load.     

Natural-convection heat transfer in a nonuniform finite annulus with concentric heat source

In this paper, the mechanisms of natural-convection heat transfer inside a nonuniform finite annulus have been numerically investigated. The system is actually a streamlined, water-filled latex balloon with a coaxial cylindrical heating element. The balloon can be applied as a local hyperthermia treatment device for the removal of undesirable tissue if sufficiently high temperatures and preferably uniform surface heat fluxes can be maintained. A validated control-volume-based method has been employed to solve the coupled transient three-dimensional transport equations for laminar free convection. The effects of heat-source temperature distributions and device orientations on the heat transfer have been studied. Possible design improvements of this device are discussed.     

复杂载荷三维裂纹分析双重边界元法

提出可用于高温、高转速状态下的热动力机械三维含裂构件热弹性分析方法——双重边界元法.首先建立了考虑温度及离心载荷的双重边界积分方程组,并对边界积分方程组的选取及适用范围进行了讨论。然后提出角非快调元模型离散技术。接着提出超奇异积分方程分析去除奇异性方法及数值积分技术.数值算例表明计算结果与有关权函数解十分吻合,说明了用双重边界元法计算复杂载荷条件下三维应力强度因子的有效性.还讨论了有关热应力强度因子权函数解的适用范围.     

INTERFACIAL CRACK ANALYSIS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC BI-MATERIALS BY BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

The integral-differential equations for three-dimensional planar interfacial cracks of arbitrary shape in transversely isotropic bimaterials were derived by virtue of the Somigliana identity and the fundamental solutions, in which the displacement discontinuities across the crack faces are the unknowns to be determined. The interface is parallel to both the planes of isotropy. The singular behaviors of displacement and stress near the crack border were analyzed and the stress singularity indexes were obtained by integral equation method. The stress intensity factors were expressed in terms of the displacement discontinuities. In the non-oscillatory case, the hyper-singular boundary integral-differential equations were reduced to hyper-singular boundary integral equations similar to those of homogeneously isotropic materials.     

多层横观各向同性圆柱壳的三维弹性理论解

本文从三维弹性理论出发,用特征函数法研究多层横观各向同性圆柱壳的轴对称问题.把位移和应力分量的齐次解表达成特征函数展开式,并把特解部分用Fourier级数表示.以多层圆柱壳的内、外柱面作为齐次边界,同时考虑层间的连续条件,推导出问题的特征方程并用Muller法求解.文中运用传递矩阵技术处理多层问题,并用边界型最小二乘配点法处理端部边界条件.作为实例,对双层圆柱壳作了数值计算.     

Pendulation Reduction in Boom Cranes Using Cable Length Manipulation

A technique is proposed to reduce payload pendulations using the reelingand unreeling of the hoisting cable. The payload is modeled as a pointmass, the cable is modeled as a rigid link, and the assembly, aspherical pendulum, is attached to the boom tip. An excitation isapplied to the assembly at the boom tip. The motion of the payload isdescribed using two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. Ourresults demonstrate that cable-length manipulation can be used to reducepayload pendulations due to near-resonance excitations. Significantreductions can be obtained via an appropriate choice of thereeling/unreeling speed. We also demonstrate the limitations inherent intwo-dimensional modelings of a crane.     

空腹式刚架拱桥梁拱节点三维光弹性试验研究

福州市尤溪洲闽江大桥是国内首座在拱肋（圈）上不设立柱和斜撑的空腹式刚架拱桥．作为空腹式刚架拱桥受力关键部位——梁与拱的连接部位，受力及构造复杂．通过三维光弹性试验，研究该梁、拱结合部的内力传递、应力集中、局部应力分布规律，为空腹式刚架拱桥节点设计、施工提供依据．     

Calculation of Heavy Gas Spreading Over the Earth Surface by a Three-Dimensional Model

A mathematical model is constructed for motion of a heavy gas along the underlying terrain on the basis of equations of gas dynamics with allowance for the force of gravity, transfer by air masses, and turbulent diffusion. With the use of the method of coarse particles, the time dependences of the coordinates of the fore front, upper boundary, and volume of the cloud of a heavy gas in the presence and absence of wind are analyzed. It is shown that turbulent diffusion leads to a linear increase in cloud volume in time. Three-dimensional shapes of the heavy gas cloud are obtained for various ambient conditions. It is shown that, despite diffusion, the heavy gas spreads predominantly along the underlying terrain.