各向异性焊缝缺陷超声阵列全聚焦成像方法

针对奥氏体不锈钢焊接构件安全评价需要,对各向异性结构中超声波传播特性进行了研究,利用射线追踪法确定了各向异性介质中声波传播路径。在传统全聚焦成像基础上,发展了一种用于各向异性焊缝中缺陷检测的超声阵列全聚焦成像方法。通过数值仿真和实验,研究了介质材质对超声阵列成像的影响,结果表明,发展的全聚焦成像方法可以很好实现各向异性焊缝中缺陷检测,缺陷定位更准确。项目研究工作为奥氏体不锈钢焊缝检测提供了可行的技术方案.     

高频调制电弧的声学特性及其细化焊缝组织的应用

以等离子体电弧作为声源,利用高频电流进行调制,激发电弧可以产生超声波。研究了高频调制电弧的激发特性和声场特征,发现调制电弧所发射超声波在激励频段内呈现平坦的幅频特性,激励电流是影响电弧超声强度的主要因素,声压幅值与电弧等离子体流力的变化量成正比,声场呈现轴向强两侧弱的特征。同时介绍了利用电弧激发超声波在改善焊缝组织性能方面的应用。     

红外吸收法测定电焊条熔敷金属中碳、硫含量

随着我国经济建设的高速发展,金属及非金属焊接的应用日益广泛,而焊接的质量直接影响着整个焊接结构和焊接工程的质量、安全运行与使用寿命,因此焊接已成为制造工作的关键工艺.     

Importance of Marangoni Convection in Laser Full—Penetration Welding

We study the effects of welding speed,Marangoni convection and natural convection on heat transfer and melt flow in a laser full-penetration welding using a three-dimensional modelling approach.The computed results demonstrate the importance of considering Marangoni convection.The predicted weld pool profile is favourably compared with experimental observation.     

特殊构件环焊缝射线检测工艺

激光焊接是利用激光熔化母材本身金属来填充焊缝，因此激光焊缝表面没有余高，并有少许凹陷，由于构件结构的特殊性，有关技术要求焊缝的焊接深度仅为16mm，焊缝宽度不得大于6mm，而实际上焊缝区域的母材厚度约为6-12．5mm变化，焊缝尺寸相对于母材厚度很小，造成焊缝在底片上形成的影像不明显。简体内部密封并以其他材料填充，在进行射线检测时射线不可能采取双壁单影法透照对焊缝实施检测，只能采用单壁单影的透照方法。另外，靠近简体内侧加工有工艺弧度，在射线透射方向上母材厚度有很大变化，     

干涉应变计法在焊缝材料力学性能测试中的应用

在焊接结构中,焊缝的不同区域(如热影响区和熔合区)的材料力学性能对整个结构的安全性、可靠性起着至关重要的影响。本文介绍了用于高精度应变测量的干涉应变计法(ISDG),并利用自行研制的微小试样拉伸试验机,对20Cr合金钢压力容器中部分焊缝材料,分热影响区和熔合区对其材料力学性能进行测试,在国内首次获得了焊缝不同区域的全历程应力-应变曲线,对热影响区材料的软化现象进行了定量的描述。     

低合金结构钢及其焊缝热影响区的韧性损伤演化行为

采用损伤力学方法研究了低合金结构钢及其焊缝热影响区近缝粗晶区的韧性损伤演化行为。从不可逆热力学出发，建立了一般韧性损伤模型。然后用一种新的交流电住损伤测量系统，测得了该钢及其模拟粗晶区的韧性损伤演化规律，得出了相应的损伤演化方程。讨论了应力三轴度对损伤演化和破坏的影响。结果表明，粗晶区及其母材的损伤分别遵循非线性和线性规律；前者的损伤生长速度远高于后者，但其临界损伤值和断裂应变远低于后者。     

Q690D和Q460D钢板对接焊缝的疲劳寿命计算

采用新近提出的统一计及疲劳裂纹形成寿命和稳定扩展寿命的结构钢疲劳寿命计算模型,对Q690D和Q460D钢板对接焊缝疲劳试验进行疲劳寿命计算.假设高强钢板对接焊缝的疲劳裂纹起裂于对接焊缝边缘,沿板宽扩展且穿透板厚,可将高强钢板对接焊缝疲劳断裂面积A分为疲劳裂纹稳定扩展面积Af和失稳扩展面积An(即名义最大应力作用下的净截...     

U71MnK钢轨焊缝滚动接触磨损性能研究

对U71Mn K钢轨焊缝及母材在滚动接触疲劳条件下进行模拟试验,对比研究了钢轨焊缝及母材在滚动接触过程中的材料磨损演变行为.结果表明:以U71Mn K为基材的钢轨焊缝部位与非焊缝部位的磨损性能及组织结构在磨损前后均存在显著差异.由于组织结构和力学性能的差异,焊缝区硬度低于非焊缝区,焊缝区摩擦系数、磨损量、磨损率均大于非焊缝区.与非焊缝区相比,钢轨焊缝区容易产生犁沟乃至波磨,表面粗糙度增大,剥落损伤、裂纹、塑性变形严重,磨损性能变坏.无论焊缝区还是非焊缝区,其先前的磨损细化了组织,改善了其磨损性能,减弱了其后的摩擦损伤.     

Track dynamic behavior at rail welds at high speed

As a vehicle passing through a track with different weld irregularities, the dynamic performance of track com- ponents is investigated in detail by using a coupled vehi- cle-track model. In the model, the vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system with 35 degrees of freedom, and a Timoshenko beam is used to model the rails which are dis- cretely supported by sleepers. In the track model, the sleepers are modeled as rigid bodies accounting for their vertical, lat- eral and rolling motions and assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. In the study of the coupled vehicle and track dynamics, the Hertizian contact theory and the theory proposed by Shen-Hedrick-Elkins are, respectively, used to calculate normal and creep forces between the wheel and the rails. In the calculation of the normal forces, the coefficient of the normal contact stiffness is determined by transient contact condition of the wheel and rail surface. In the calcu- lation of the creepages, the lateral, roll-over motions of the rail and the fact that the relative velocity between the wheel and rail in their common normal direction is equal to zero are simultaneously taken into account. The motion equations of the vehicle and track are solved by means of an explicit integration method, in which the rail weld irregularities are modeled as local track vertical deviations described by some ideal cosine functions. The effects of the train speed, the axle load, the wavelength and depth of the irregularities, and the weld center position in a sleeper span on the wheel-rail impact loading are analyzed. The numerical results obtained are greatly useful in the tolerance design of welded rail pro- file irregularity caused by hand-grinding after rail welding and track maintenances.