Improving the precision of fluorescence lifetime measurement using a streak camera

Streak camera has high temporal resolution and high sensitivity, and is a powerful tool in biomedical study to measure fluorescence lifetime and perform fluorescence lifetime imaging. However, nonuniformity of the gain in the streak tube and nonlinearity of the sweeping speed limit the precision of fluorescence lifetime measurement, particularly when fluorescence lifetimes are short. We have constructed a two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime measurement system that is based on a synchroscan streak camera and have developed accordingly a method to correct the effect of gain nonuniformity and nonlinearity of sweeping speed on the measurement precision. A continuous-wave laser of high stability is used to calibrate the gain of the streak camera, and a Fabry-Perot etalon is used to calibrate the nonlinearity of the sweeping speed. Fitting algorithms are used to correct the gain of the streak camera and nonlinearity of the sweeping speed respectively, which significantly improves the measurement precision of the system, as characterized through the fluorescence lifetime of the short-lived fluorescence dye, Rose Bengal. Experimental results show that the measurement fluctuation of the lifetime has been improved from more than 10% to 2% after correcting the effects of gain nonuniformity and sweeping speed nonlinearity.     

Laser Damage Mechanisms of Amorphous Ta2O5 Films at 1064, 532 and 355nm in One-on-One Regime

Ta2O5 films are deposited on fused silica substrates by conventional e-beam evaporation. Surface topography and chemical composition are examined by atomic force microscopy （AFM） and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The calculation of electron structures of Ta2O5 and Ta2O5-x is attempted using a first-principle pseudopotential method within the local density approximation. The laser-induced damage threshold （LIDT） is performed at 1064, 532 and 355 nm in 1-on-1 regime, respectively. The results show that the LIDT increases with the wavelength increasing, which is in agreement with the wavelength effect. However, the LIDT results are not consistent with the empirical equation （I（λ）=aλm）, which may be attributed to the intrinsic absorption of Ta2O5 at the wavelengths of 532 or/and 355 nm. Moreover, different damage morphologies are observed when the films are irradiated at different wavelengths. It is concluded that the laser damage at 1064 nm is the defect dominant mechanism and at 355 nm it is the intrinsic absorption dominant mechanism, whereas at 532 nm it is the combined defect and intrinsic absorption dominant mechanism.     

基于CPS模型的高中物理校本课程教学研究——以“中学物理与现代前沿应用”校本课程为例

为了填补国家课程物理课堂教学中核心素养落实的不足,尝试在物理学科类校本课程教学过程中融入核心素养,并重点突出创新实践能力,在基于CPS模型的《中学物理与现代前沿应用》这门校本课程的教学实施过程中,既能与常规物理课堂紧密联系,又始终立足于学生自主发展,为学生创新能力的提升以及个性化发展创设了丰富的机会,取得了比较明显的成效,积累了一定的经验.     

微量Co修饰的碳载超细Pt纳米粒子的制备及其在燃料电池氧还原催化中的应用

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有清洁、高效等优点,是一种理想的汽车动力电源.然而,由于其阴极氧还原反应(ORR)速率缓慢,需要使用大量的Pt基催化剂,导致燃料电池成本居高不下,严重制约了PEMFC的商业化发展.将Pt与过渡金属Fe, Co, Ni等形成合金,对表面Pt原子的几何结构和电子结构进行调变,可以有效提高催化剂的活性,实现Pt用量和燃料电池成本的降低.但是目前合金催化剂多采用溶剂热、浸渍-高温退火等制备方法,使用有毒有害试剂和难清洗的表面活性剂,且过程复杂、能耗高,不利于大规模化生产.此外,合金中过渡金属占比高,在燃料电池工况下,大量过渡金属溶解,加速了膜的降解,导致实际PEMFC性能的降低.对此,我们探索了一种简便有效的方法制备高活性、高稳定性的碳载Pt-Co催化剂.在没有添加表面活性剂的情况下,采用硼氢化钠辅助乙二醇还原法合成了具有超小尺寸和均匀分布的Pt-Co纳米颗粒,后续酸刻蚀处理去除不稳定的Co原子,重组双金属纳米颗粒的表面结构形成富Pt壳层,进一步提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性.通过电感耦合等离子体、X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、高角环形暗场-扫描透射-元素分布及光电子能谱等物理表征证实了微量Co改性的碳载超细铂合金纳米颗粒的组成和结构.进一步对催化剂进行旋转圆盘电极和单电池测试,结果表明, Pt_(36)Co/C具有明显高于商业化Pt/C的有效电化学活性面积和电池性能.此外,加速衰减测试和衰减前后的电镜图片表明, Pt_(36)Co/C催化剂的稳定性相较于Pt/C亦有所增强.分析Pt-Co/C催化性能提高的原因,主要归于以下三点:(1)催化剂纳米颗粒在载体上分布均匀,且具有超小的粒径尺寸,提供了大量的三相反应界面位点;(2)双金属配体和电子效应的协同作用,降低了氧化物质在催化表面的吸附能力,加速了ORR的电催化动力学;(3)酸蚀刻导致的不稳定Co的溶解及催化剂表面结构的重排,形成了富Pt壳层结构,有利于提高催化剂的稳定性.这种简单有效的合金制备方法可以在电催化领域推广使用.     

固定化胰蛋白酶整体小柱的制备及其用于微量蛋白质的快速酶解

发展了一种光引发聚合法制备固定化胰蛋白酶整体小柱的方法,以用于微量蛋白质的快速酶解。整体小柱由功能单体4-戊烯酸琥珀酰亚胺酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,交联剂季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯和三元致孔剂二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、十二醇在20 μL的移液器吸头尖端原位聚合而成。形成整体柱后,胰蛋白酶分子通过氨基与琥珀酰亚胺酯反应实现固定化。系统研究了聚合溶液中活性酯含量与柱床体积对胰蛋白酶固载量的影响,评价了固定化酶整体小柱对标准蛋白细胞色素C和牛血清白蛋白的酶解效率,以及整体小柱的稳定性和重复性。结果表明,在离心辅助下,酶解过程可在10 min内完成,批次间具有良好的重复性。最后将固定化酶整体小柱应用于1×10⁵个人急性早幼粒白血病（NB4）细胞与人急性T细胞白血病（Jurkat T）细胞的快速酶解,经纳升级液相色谱与高分辨质谱联用分析后鉴定得到2489个和2572个蛋白质。相比于溶液状态下的酶解,分别提高了2.2%和6.1%的蛋白鉴定数量,展现了其在蛋白组学研究中的应用潜力。     

Centrality dependence of pT spectra for identified hadrons in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN= 200GeV

The centrality dependence of transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at √s_NN= 200GeV is systematically studied in a quark combination model. The p_T spectra of π^±, K^±, p(p) and Λ(Λ) in different centrality bins and the nuclear modification factors (R_CP) for these hadrons are calculated. The centrality dependence of the average collective transverse velocity 〈β(r)〉 for the hot and dense quark matter is obtained in Au+Au collisions, and it is applied to a relative smaller Cu+Cu collision system. The centrality dependence of p_T spectra and the R_CP for π⁰, K_s⁰ and Λ in Cu+Cu collisions at √s_NN= 200GeV are well described. The results show that 〈β(r)〉 is only a function of the number of participants N_part and it is independent of the collision system.     

An explanation for deviations from the quark number scaling of elliptic flows in low pT region

We carry out a systematic study of the different contributions to the deviations of the elliptic flows from the quark number scaling in high energy heavy ion collision in a quark combination model. The effects that we considered are: the resonance decay, the flavor dependence of the quark elliptic flow and the combination of quarks/antiquarks with slightly different transverse momenta. Our results show that the deviations observed in experiments can be well reproduced within the combination framework if all the three effects are considered. We make a detailed analysis of the different contributions using a Monte-Carlo program and suggest measuring the quark number scaling in intermediate p_T range more precisely.     

Influence of Different Substrates on Laser Induced Damage Thresholds at 1064nm of Ta2O5 Films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on Si, BK7, fused silica, antireflection （AR） and high reflector （HR） substrates by electron beam evaporation method, respectively. Both the optical property and laser induced damage thresholds （LIDTs） at 1064 nm of Ta2O5 films on different substrates are investigated before and after annealing at 673 K for 12 h. It is shown that annealing increases the refractive index and decreases the extinction index, and improves the O/Ta ratio of the Ta2O5 films from 2.42 to 2.50. Moreover, the results show that the LIDTs of the Ta2O5 films are mainly correlated with three parameters： substrate property, substoichiometry defect in the films and impurity defect at the interface between the substrate and the films. Details of the laser induced damage models in different cases are discussed.     

L-Shell X-Ray Yields and Production Cross Sections of Zr and Mo Bombarded by Slow Highly Charged Ar16+ Ions

The L-shell x-ray yields of Zr and Mo bombarded by slow Ar16＋ ions are measured. The energy of the Ar^16＋ ions ranges from about 150 keV to 350 keV. The L-shell x-ray production cross sections of Zr and Mo are extracted from these yields data. The explanation of these experimental results is in the framework of the adiabatic direct- ionization and the binding energy modified BEA approximation. We consider, in the slow asymmetric collisions such as Ar and Mo/Zr, the transient united atoms （UA） are formed during the ion-surface interaction and the direct-ionization is the main mechanism for the inner-shell vacancy production. Generally, the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

W态纠缠实现双腔远程控制原子的非经典特性

考虑将双模纠缠相干光场的两模场同时分别注入两个腔中,初态处于W态的三体纠缠二能级原子中的两个分别在这两个腔内,并且都与光场发生共振相互作用,经腔QED演化之后,对纠缠相干光场进行光子探测和对纠缠原子进行选择性测量,通过操纵相互作用的时间和光场的参数可控制W态中处于腔外的第三个原子的非经典效应,如粒子数布居差的崩塌一回复现象和偶极压缩现象,从而实现了更强地远程控制原子的非经典特性.