Study of the PIN detector's radiation tolerance

PIN detectors have been extensively used to detect charged particles and X-ray. The new type PIN detectors were irradiated by different energy protons, and their irradiation tolerance was investigated. Relative charge collection efficiency, energy spectrometer and relative energy resolution were also measured. With the increasing of irradiation dose, charge collection efficiency decreased and relative energy resolution grown. The results suggested that the irradiation tolerance in the PIN detector depended on the range of the protons in the detector. The maximum tolerance irradiation doses of the detector for the impacts of 3.5 and 7.2 MeV protons were 3×10¹⁰p/cm² and 7.2×10⁹p/cm², respectively.     

高电荷态离子与SiO2表面相互作用的研究

高电荷态离子(Pbq ,Arq )由兰州近代物理研究所的ECR实验平台所产生,轰击非晶态SiO2表面.用微通道板测量溅射粒子产额的角分布.用公式拟合实验溅射角分布得到了较好的结果,并给出了初步的理论解释.由此得出了高电荷态离子与SiO2表面作用的微分溅射截面.实验结果表明高电荷态离子能够增加动能溅射;同时高电荷态离子入射能够引起势能溅射.在大角度入射时,溅射产额主要是由碰撞引起的;在小角入射时势能溅射所占比重会增大.     

基于热峰模型的单粒子效应模拟研究

单粒子效应是航天电子器件失效的重要原因,研究其物理过程对航天电子器件寿命预测、器件抗辐照加固有着重要的意义。现有的模型多从线性能量沉积的角度来解释单粒子翻转,因此无法解释单粒子效应地面实验模拟过程中的温度效应。建立了一个新模型,从高能带电离子与材料相互作用的物理过程出发,通过解三维的热扩散方程,计算出能量在材料中沉积、交换、扩散,得到电子和晶格温度的空间分布以及时间演化过程。推断出离子辐照过程中导致的自由电子浓度和收集电荷随LET的变化关系。此模型解释了单粒子效应中随着器件温度升高,单粒子效应截面增加的现象。     

Xe离子束辐照硼硅酸盐玻璃和石英玻璃效应对比研究

玻璃固化体作为放射性废物地质处置的第一道安全屏障,它的耐辐照性能研究至关重要.玻璃固化体主要网络结构硅氧四面体与石英玻璃的硅氧四面体是一致的,所以这里用石英玻璃代替玻璃固化体作为研究对象.本文采用Xe离子在相同条件下辐照石英玻璃和硼硅酸盐玻璃.利用纳米压痕技术和椭圆偏振仪表征了辐照前后样品的硬度、模量以及折射率的变化情况.结果表明:硼硅酸盐玻璃和石英玻璃的硬度均随着辐照剂量的增大而减小,硼硅酸盐玻璃的模量随着辐照剂量的增大而减小;石英玻璃的模量随着辐照剂量的增大而增大.模量的变化可能和密度的变化有关,这点与折射率的结果相符.     

γγ符合测量中反冲电子谱的利用

符合测量是一种常规的测量手段.除了在核物理中的应用,它还被广泛应用于基本物理参数测量、材料分析等领域.此工作讨论了反冲电子谱对γγ符合测量计数率的影响.并设计强、弱两种干扰条件下,γγ符合测量中真符合计数率随不同阈值的变化.实验结果证实,增加反冲电子谱的符合测量能够提高真符合计数率;强、弱本底干扰对总符合计数率有一定影响,但此影响可以通过数据修正的方式消除.     

XPS and Raman studies of electron irradiated sodium silicate glass

The microstructure modifications of sodium silicate glass induced by 1.2-MeV electron irradiation are studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Depth profile analyses are also performed on the irradiated glass at 109 Gy. A sodium-depleted layer with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers and the corresponding increase of network polymerization on the top surface are observed after electron bombardment, while the polymerization in the subsurface region has a negligible variation with the irradiation dose. Moreover, the formation of molecular oxygen after electron irradiation is evidenced, which is mainly aggregated in the first two-micron-thick irradiated glass surface. These modifications are correlated to the network relaxation process as a consequence of the diffusion and desorption of sodium species during electron irradiation.     

γ辐照后硼硅酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱研究

玻璃固化体是用来固化放射性废物的硅酸盐。作为放射性废物处理的第一道工程屏障,它的耐辐照性能尤其引人注目。本工作使用硼硅酸盐玻璃模拟玻璃固化体材料,用不同剂量的γ射线辐照硼硅酸盐玻璃模拟天然放射性对固化体的辐照损伤。通过测量和分析辐照后硼硅酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱,证实了辐照后在玻璃中产生了E'缺陷,非桥氧空位色心、过氧自由基以及过桥氧联接等缺陷。此外,还得出了不同微观结构随吸收剂量的演化关系。对于辐照后产生的缺陷,它们的浓度都随吸收剂量的增加而增大。同时,发现玻璃在辐照后其吸收光谱的带隙随着剂量的增加而逐渐变窄;而当吸收剂量大于等于105 Gy时,玻璃的带隙则达到饱和值。Vitrification is one kind of silicates which is used for immobilization of high-level waste (HLW). As the first engineered barrier of HLW disposition, its anti-irradiation characteristic is particularly noticeable. Vitrification is replaced by borosilicate glass to investigate radiation effect, and the irradiation damage generated by natural radioactivity in vitrification is simulated by different doses gamma rays on borosilicate glass. By measuring and analyzing the absorption spectrum of irradiated borosilicate glasses, it is confirmed that E'defect, non-bridging oxygen hole center, peroxy dangling bond and bridge oxygen link, etc. are induced in borosilicate glass after irradiation. Furthermore, the relations between the defects and absorbed doses are shown. For the concentrations of these defects induced by irradiation, all of them increase with absorbed dose. Meanwhile, absorption band gap in borosilicate glass after irradiation decreases with absorbed dose and the band gap becomes saturated when absorbed dose is equal to or greater than 105 Gy.     

惯性约束聚变靶丸玻璃微观结构的分子动力学模拟北大核心CSCD

使用分子动力学方法模拟惯性约束聚变(ICF)玻璃微球靶丸材料的碱金属硼硅酸盐玻璃,研究了不同SiO2与B2O3和不同Na2O与B2O3物质的量比的微观结构,包括键长、键角、配位数以及空穴的分布情况。通过模拟发现,在不同组分的碱金属硼硅酸盐玻璃中,硅原子的网络体结构相对稳定,硼原子的结构会随着成分的变化发生明显变化。同时,针对实际的ICF实验中对玻璃微球充入惰性气体氩的问题,模拟发现,当SiO2与B2O3物质的量比为40.5,Na2O与B2O3物质的量比为17.4,8.5,4.2时,玻璃中存在有较多的供氩扩散的空穴。     

激光与半导体材料相互作用的双电子共振吸收模型

通过提出双电子共振吸收模型,解释了激光与半导体材料相互作用时材料吸收光子的物理机制,分析了温度、掺杂数密度对吸收系数的影响;结合热峰模型,将激光的能量注入视为热源,计算出了激光入射时材料中电子温度的时空演化,通过费米狄拉克分布计算出自由电荷数密度分布,得到了电荷激发过程的计算模型,模拟了激光诱发单粒子翻转的过程。模拟结果表明,激光能量与激发电荷总量的关系是非线性的,这意味着激光能量与粒子的线性能量传输之间为非线性对应关系,与实验结果相符。     

带相位共轭镜的Nd∶YAG激光系统

研究了相位共轭镜用于改善MOPA激光系统光束质量的特性研究.利用单纵模环形激光器作为振荡级,对加装有相位共轭镜的MOPA系统的相位共轭反射率、阈值进行了测试,并获得了重复频率10 Hz、单脉冲能量大于200 mJ、近衍射极限的高光束质量激光输出.