Tunneling as a Classical Escape Rate Induced by the Vacuum Zero-point Radiation

We make a brief review of the Kramers escape rate theory for the probabilistic motion of a particle in a potential well U(x), and under the influence of classical fluctuation forces. The Kramers theory is extended in order to take into account the action of the thermal and zero-point random electromagnetic fields on a charged particle. The result is physically relevant because we get a non-null escape rate over the potential barrier at low temperatures (T → 0). It is found that, even if the mean energy is much smaller than the barrier height, the classical particle can escape from the potential well due to the action of the zero-point fluctuating fields. These stochastic effects can be used to give a classical interpretation to some quantum tunneling phenomena. Relevant experimental data are used to illustrate the theoretical results.     

The effect of two-photon absorption and optical excitation area on the generation of THz radiation

It was found experimentally that the THz radiation throughput based on optical rectification is strongly related to the optical excitation size in a ZeTe emitter. The factors affecting the THz radiation throughput are investigated in detail both experimentally and theoretically. By taking into account optical rectification, diffraction and two-photon absorption effects, a theoretical model is established to describe the emitting field intensity of THz radiation. There is excellent agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental data under high excitation power. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that there is a trade-off between these three effects for THz radiation, and that in order to increase the THz radiation throughput based on optical rectification, one should choose suitable excitation size under a given pump power.     

Studies of an infinite element method for acoustical radiation

Infinite element computations are very efficient for predicting the vibro-acoustic response and sensitivities of a vibrating structure for an exterior acoustic domain. In addition, domain decomposition methods are very powerful algorithms for solving large linear systems in parallel. In this paper, an infinite element method is proposed and analyzed for parallel computations purpose. An original formulation of this method with Lagrange multipliers defined on (semi-)infinite space is presented. The implementation aspects of this method in an industrial acoustic software (SYSNOISE) are discussed. New numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method for realistic acoustical radiation problems.     

一种分析三维楔脊形光波导与光纤耦合的方法

和直波导的不同在于，三维楔脊形波导中的光场都是不稳定的.分别对波导-光纤耦合、光纤-波导耦合两种情况，将三维楔脊形波导等效为多段短的直波导，利用束传播法同时对三维楔脊形波导内不稳定的入射、反射场，及它们在传播方向上的偏导进行处理，再用自由空间辐射模法计算透射率和反射率.以SOI楔脊形波导和光纤的耦合为例，验证了该方法的可行性. 关键词： 自由空间辐射模法 束传播法 耦合 透射 楔脊形光波导 绝缘体上硅(SOI)     

Synthesis and self‐assembly of highly incompatible polybutadiene–poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) diblock copolymers

A versatile coupling reaction for the preparation of polybutadiene–poly‐(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (BF) diblock copolymers is described. Six diblock copolymers with different block lengths were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography; all six had total molecular weights below 15,000. Microphase separation of the block copolymers in the bulk state was established by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry. SAXS data suggest that the diblocks are characterized by an unusually large Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter, χ, on the order of 10. However, extraction of χ from the order–disorder transition gave large (order 1) but significantly different values, thereby suggesting that these copolymers are too small and too strongly interacting to be described by block copolymer mean‐field theory. Dynamic light scattering was used to analyze dilute solutions of the title block copolymers in four selective organic solvents; the sizes of the micelles formed were solvent dependent. The micellar aggregates were large and nonspherical, and this is also attributed to the high degree of incompatibility between the two immiscible blocks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3685–3694, 2005     

两块晶体衍射增强成像方法研究

在北京同步辐射装置4W1A光束线形貌学实验站用两块晶体开展了衍射增强成像方法的实验和理论研究.研究了晶体热膨胀对两块晶体衍射增强成像的影响,分析的结论表明,晶体转轴垂直于同步辐射偏振面能基本避免晶体热膨胀的影响,获得较好的成像质量.实验结果证实了分析的正确性. 关键词： 相位衬度成像 同步辐射 晶体衍射     

黑腔靶辐射温度实验研究

研究腔靶辐射温度与靶型及激光辐照条件的关系.实验利用神光Ⅱ基频光,激光能量为3—5kJ8束,脉宽为0.6—0.9ns打Au腔靶.采用滤片x射线二极管(XRD)阵列谱仪及平响应x射线二极管(PXRD)分别测量腔靶诊断口辐射软x射线强度谱及其角分布,给出了等效辐射温度为140—180eV.同时,利用多针孔时、空分辨成像技术,观测诊断口发射软x射线时空特性,实验现象表明两种诊断口(衬Be环与无Be环)在160—170eV辐射温度条件下,辐射烧蚀产生的等离子体云均对腔内发射x射线流形成一定程度的阻挡作用,数据处理     

X荧光分析系列实验

介绍了能量色散X射线荧光分析的原理、应用以及用X荧光谱仪开设的系列实验。     

Phase transition in polyamide‐66/montmorillonite nanocomposites on annealing

The crystalline‐phase transition in polyamide‐66/montmorillonite nanocomposites before melting was investigated by in situ X‐ray diffraction and is reported for the first time in this work. The phase‐transition temperature in the nanocomposites was 170 °C, 20 °C lower than that in polyamide‐66. The lower phase‐transition temperature of the nanocomposites could be attributed to the γ‐phase‐favorable environment caused by silicate layers. Meanwhile, the addition of silicate layers changed the crystal structure of the polyamide‐66 matrix and influenced the phase‐transition behavior. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 63–67, 2003