1,4-戊二烯-3-酮肟醚类化合物的合成及生物活性

将1,4-戊二烯-3-酮结构中的羰基转变为肟醚基团,合成了7个1,4-戊二烯-3-酮肟醚类化合物,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR和ESI-MS表征。生物活性测试结果表明,在药剂浓度为500mg/L时,化合物4c、4f和4g对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)在治疗作用方面的抑制率为49.6%、53.6%和47.4%,与病毒唑(45.2%)相当;化合物4b、4c、4f和4g对TMV在保护作用方面的抑制率分别为57.2%、58.4%、58.9%和59.0%,稍低于病毒唑(61.8%);化合物4a、4b、4c和4g对TMV在钝化作用方面的抑制率分别为95.5%、92.6%、95.0%和89.5%,优于对照药病毒唑(87.9%)。这些结果表明,1,4-戊二烯-3-酮肟醚类化合物对植物病毒表现有良好抑制作用,在其结构基础上进行适当的优化,有望得到具有良好抗植物病毒活性的先导化合物。     

Resampling a coverage pattern

The possibility of resampling (bootstrapping) a spatial pattern is investigated. It is suggested that resampling provides a unified approach to consistemt inference in a wide range of coverage problems. Nevertheless, resampling distorts some of the interactions in the problem, and so introduces biases. The sizes of bias and standard deviation are investigated in the case of estimating sampling variance via resampling.     

Microstructure and strain films using in-plane grazing analysis of GaN epitaxial incidence x-ray diffraction

This paper investigates the major structural parameters, such as crystal quality and strain state of （001）-oriented GaN thin films grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition, using an in-plane grazing incidence x-ray diffraction technique. The results are analysed and compared with a complementary out-of-plane x- ray diffraction technique. The twist of the GaN mosaic structure is determined through the direct grazing incidence t of （100） reflection which agrees well with the result obtained by extrapolation method. The method for directly determining the in-plane lattice parameters of the GaN layers is also presented. Combined with the biaxial strain model, it derives the lattice parameters corresponding to fully relaxed GaN films. The GaN epilayers show an increasing residual compressive stress with increasing layer thickness when the two dimensional growth stage is established, reaching to a maximum level of-0.89 GPa.     

GaN薄膜中的马赛克结构随厚度发生的变化

利用高分辨率X射线衍射(HRXRD)对MOCVD系统中生长在c面Al₂O₃上的不 同厚度的GaN薄膜内马赛克结构进行了研究. 在对称面的三轴X射线衍射曲线中, 用两种方法计算得到晶粒的垂直关联长度和水平关联长度, 两者均随着薄膜厚度的增加而增加, 并且垂直关联长度近似膜厚从倒易空间图中得出的横向关联长度也有相同的趋势, 结合非对称面的衍射曲线用Williamson-Hall方法和外推法分 别拟合出晶粒的面外倾斜角和面内扭转角, 他们随着薄膜厚度的增加显著减少, 这一切都表明厚度的增加, 晶粒的单向有序排列越来越整齐, 外延片的质量越来越高. 关键词： GaN薄膜马赛克结构 厚度 HRXRD     

Framed! Reproducing and Revisiting 150-Year-Old Charts

The Statistical Atlases published by the Census Bureau in the late 1800s utilized a number of novel methods for displaying data. In this paper, we examine the use of framed spine and mosaic plots used in two plates of the Statistical Atlas of 1870. We use forensic statistics to recreate the data using available census information, and then use that data to create framed charts using modern plotting methods. We then examine the effectiveness of the framed charts compared to other alternatives with a user study. The data and code for this study are available online.     

Electron holography of biological samples

In this paper, we summarise the development of off-axis electron holography on biological samples starting in 1986 with the first results on ferritin from the group of Tonomura. In the middle of the 1990s strong interest was evoked, but then stagnation took place because the results obtained at that stage did not reach the contrast and the resolution achieved by conventional electron microscopy.

To date, there exist only a few (12) publications on electron holography of biological objects, thus this topic is quite small and concise. The reason for this could be that holography is mostly established in materials science by physicists. Therefore, applications for off-axis holography were powerfully pushed forward in the area of imaging, e.g. electric or magnetic micro- and nanofields. Unstained biological systems investigated by means of off-axis electron holography up to now are ferritin, tobacco mosaic virus, a bacterial flagellum, T5 bacteriophage virus, hexagonal packed intermediate layer of bacteria and the Semliki Forest virus. New results of the authors on collagen fibres and surface layer of bacteria, the so-called S-layer 2D crystal lattice are presented in this review. For the sake of completeness, we will shortly discuss in-line holography of biological samples and off-axis holography of materials related to biological systems, such as biomaterial composites or magnetotactic bacteria.     

Porphyrin light-harvesting arrays constructed in the recombinant tobacco mosaic virus scaffold

We have demonstrated the construction of multiple porphyrin arrays in the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) supramolecular structures by self-assembly of recombinant TMV coat protein (TMVCP) monomers, in which Zn-coordinated porphyrin (ZnP) and free-base porphyrin (FbP) were site-selectively incorporated. The photophysical properties of porphyrin moieties incorporated in the TMV assemblies were also characterized. TMV-porphyrin conjugates employed as building blocks self-assembled into unique disk and rod structures under the proper conditions as similar to native TMV assemblies. The mixture of a ZnP donor and an FbP acceptor was packed in the TMV assembly and showed energy transfer and light-harvesting activity. The detailed photophysical properties of the arrayed porphyrins in the TMV assemblies were examined by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and the energy transfer rates were determined to be 3.1-6.4x10(9) s(-1). The results indicate that the porphyrins are placed at the expected positions in the TMV assemblies.     

基于特征点自动匹配的图像拼接方法

提出了一种基于特征点自动匹配的图像拼接算法,采用改进的Harris算子提取特征点,保证了提取的效率和精度,根据互相关的双向匹配实现对应特征点的自动匹配,从而建立参考图像与当前图像的对应点对,最后采用最小二乘方法得到图像间的全局变换参数,实现图像的拼接。     

基于特征点及优化理论的图像自动拼接方法

提出了一种新的图像拼接方法,首先利用相位一致性(phase congruency)算法进行特征点检测,利用本文提出的匹配点优选策略进行特征点对自动选取,然后用LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法进一步优化变换矩阵,最后对拼接结果进行融合处理,获得无缝拼接的图像.该方法把基于特征点和基于优化理论的拼接方法有效相结合,且能充分利用图像重叠部分的信息,在一定程度上克服了噪声及光照不均的影响,较传统方法具有更强的鲁棒性和更高的拼接精确度.试验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

一种用于钣金零件视觉测量的图像拼接方法

在钣金零件视觉测量中,大尺寸零件超出图像采集摄像机的视场范围,不能一次性获得该零件的完整图像,需要将存在一定重叠区域的图像进行图像拼接。针对特征稀少、灰度信息少、轮廓对称的钣金零件图像不易拼接问题进行了分析和研究,提出了一种在待拼接图像中选择包含重叠部分的等大小区域作为待配准区域,并对其提取轮廓,然后对轮廓图利用相位相关法求待配准区域的配准参数,再根据待配准区域图像与待拼接图像的坐标关系转换求待拼接图像的配准参数并对图像进行配准,实现钣金零件图像拼接的方法。通过实验表明,该拼接方法对特征稀少、灰度信息少和轮廓对称的钣金零件图像具有速度快、较好的准确性和抗干扰能力,能够满足工业应用的要求。