基于共价有机骨架材料的磁固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中4种杀菌剂

杀菌剂在环境中长期富集后会引起土壤和植物病害,并能借助雨水或灌溉渗透到深层土壤和地下水中,威胁水体环境和人体健康。因此针对水中杀菌剂开发简单快速、高效灵敏的分析方法至关重要。该研究通过原位合成法制备了磁性共价有机骨架材料Fe₃O₄@TpBD,将其作为萃取吸附剂,富集环境水体中苯并咪唑杀菌剂(噻菌灵、麦穗宁、多菌灵)和有机硫杀菌剂(稻瘟灵)。利用Fe₃O₄@TpBD与杀菌剂之间的π-π共轭、氢键和静电作用进行吸附,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)进行检测,建立了测定水中4种痕量杀菌剂的分析方法。通过透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射及傅里叶变换红外光谱等方式对Fe₃O₄@TpBD进行表征,以证明材料的成功合成。对萃取条件进行一系列的优化(Fe₃O₄@TpBD的磁性比例及用量、水样pH、吸附时间、洗脱液的种类及体积、洗脱时间、NaCl含量),确定了最佳萃取条件。4种杀菌剂在3~1200 ng/L的范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数均大于0.998,方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.06~0.28 ng/L和0.20~0.92 ng/L。在15、150和600 ng/L 3个加标水平下进行加标回收试验,日内和日间精密度分别为2.8%~10.0%和4.4%~15.7%。将该方法用于实际水样的检测,4种杀菌剂的加标回收率为77.1%~119.1%,在水库水中检测出多菌灵,含量为27.5 ng/L。该方法灵敏度高,准确度和精密度良好,操作简单,耗时短。     

磁性三维氮掺杂碳纳米材料对6种双酚类化合物的吸附性能及其在泡腾分散微萃取中的应用

采用简单高温煅烧法成功制备了磁性钴镍基氮掺杂三维碳纳米管与石墨烯复合材料(CoNi@NGC),将其作为吸附剂用于水体中6种双酚类化合物(BPs)的吸附性能和机理研究。将CoNi@NGC复合纳米材料用作萃取介质,运用酸碱泡腾片的CO₂强力分散作用,开发了泡腾反应强化的分散固相微萃取前处理方法,结合高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)快速定量饮料中痕量BPs。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、氮气吸脱附、X射线光电子能谱和磁滞回线等技术手段对材料形貌结构进行表征,结果显示:该吸附剂成功实现氮元素的掺杂,且具有较大的比表面积(109.42 m²/g)、丰富的孔径及较强的磁性(17.98 emu/g)。吸附剂投加量、pH、温度、时间等因子优化试验表明:当pH=7,在初始质量浓度为5 mg/L的BPs混合溶液中投加5 mg CoNi@NGC, 298 K反应5 min,对双酚M(BPM)、双酚A(BPA)的吸附率分别高达99.01%和98.21%。作用90 min时对双酚Z(BPZ)、BPA、BPM的吸附率近100%。在吸附过程中,BPs与CoNi@NGC之间的整个吸附过程主要受氢键、静电作用和π-π共轭作用共同控制。整个吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温线模型和准二级动力学方程,吸附自发进行。进一步将CoNi@NGC作为萃取介质制备成磁性泡腾片,利用泡腾分散微萃取技术高效富集和提取6种盒装饮料中的BPs,优化了影响富集效果的泡腾片的存在与否、洗脱剂种类、洗脱时间、洗脱体积等关键因子,在最佳萃取条件下(pH=7,投加5 mg CoNi@NGC, 2 mL丙酮洗脱6 min),结合HPLC-FLD,新开发的泡腾分散微萃取方法提供的检出限为0.06~0.20 μg/L,定量限为0.20~0.66 μg/L,日内和日间精密度分别为1.44%~4.76%和1.69%~5.36%,在实际样品中不同水平下的加标回收率为82.4%~103.7%,在桃汁中检测到BPA和双酚B(BPB)分别为2.09 μg/L和1.37 μg/L。再生试验表明该吸附材料至少可以重复使用5次以上,显著降低了分析的试验成本。与其他方法相比,该方法具有灵敏度高、萃取速度快、环境友好等优点,在常规食品污染监测中具有较强的应用价值。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速分析三子散的入血成分及代谢产物

蒙药三子散由诃子、川楝子、栀子3味药材等比例组成,其临床用药主要采用口服给药方式,药物在体内的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄过程与药物发挥药理作用和疗效的产生密切相关,因此考察灌胃给药后的入血成分有助于阐明三子散的药效物质基础。研究采用血清药物化学研究思路,将Wistar大鼠分成空白组和给药组,给药组给予三子散水提物,腹主动脉取血,离心制备血清样品,采用高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS),在SHIMADZU GIST C₁₈色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)上进行色谱分离;以甲醇和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,流速0.5 mL/min,进样量10 μL,采用加热电喷雾电离(HESI)源,正、负离子同时扫描。通过比对三子散含药血清和空白血清的图谱差异,查阅数据库、各类成分体内代谢途径、三子散成分的相关文献,采用Xcalibur 3.0软件进行峰提取、峰匹配等质谱数据处理,结合Compound Discover 3.0软件对化合物代谢途径的预测分析和裂解规律的推断,解析三子散水提液经大鼠灌胃后血清中的原型成分和代谢产物。结果表明,在给药大鼠血清样品中鉴定出55种入血成分,其中41种原型成分,14种代谢产物。入血的原型成分主要为鞣质类、环烯醚萜类和小分子酚酸类。该研究较为全面地阐释了三子散水提液在大鼠血中的移行成分,有助于揭示三子散的药效物质基础,为该药的临床应用提供参考。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法非靶向筛查苹果中苯脲类农药

建立了超高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS）非靶向筛查苹果中苯脲类农药的方法。样品采用QuEChERS法提取净化,Acquity BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行检测。将13种苯脲类除草剂和9种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂按化学结构分为4类。首先通过对4类22种典型苯脲类农药标准品的准分子离子和二级质谱碎片进行分析,总结苯脲类农药的质谱裂解规律如下：绿麦隆等9种苯脲类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 72.044 59,可通过特征丢失中性分子二甲胺（m/z 45.058 03）产生特征离子碎片;绿谷隆等4种苯脲类除草剂可通过特征丢失中性分子甲醇［CH3OH］或卤化氢［HR1］（R=Cl,Br,F）产生离子碎片;除虫脲等7种含氟苯甲酰脲杀虫剂的主要特征离子碎片为 m/z 158.040 47、141.015 00,也可发生特征中性丢失2,6-氟苯甲酰胺结构［C8H3F2O2NH2］（m/z 183.013 21）;杀铃脲等2种含氯苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 156.020 25、138.993 76、113.015 28。利用该方法对北京12份市售苹果进行非靶向筛查,在1份样品中筛查出绿麦隆。该方法可为快速筛查农产品中相似结构特征的苯脲类化合物提供参考。     

Facile synthesis of a novel magnetic covalent organic frameworks for extraction and determination of five fungicides in Chinese herbal medicines

A novel magnetic covalent organic framework was synthesized via a one-step coating approach with solvothermal reaction employing 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophen-yl)-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol as two building blocks by covalent bonding. The prepared magnetic covalent organic frameworks were properly characterized by different techniques and employed as adsorbents of magnetic solid-phase extraction. An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five fungicides in two Chinese herbal medicine samples via magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled to ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Under optimized magnetic solid-phase extraction conditions, the method exhibited satisfactory recoveries (74.0−109.6%) with relative standard deviations of 0.4−4.6%, low limits of detection (0.003−0.015 μg/kg), and good linearity (R² > 0.9960). Compared with the traditional extraction method, the proposed method required a lower amount of adsorbent (3 mg) and extraction time (5 min). The adsorbent also had favorable reusability (not less than eight times). Therefore, the magnetic covalent organic frameworks could be a promising adsorbent for the extraction and quantitation of fungicides in Chinese herbal medicines.     

Preparation of bamboo-derived magnetic biochar for solid-phase microextraction of fentanyls from urine

In this study, a biochar-based magnetic solid-phase microextraction method, coupled with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, was developed for analyzing fentanyl analogs from urine sample. Magnetic biochar was fabricated through a one-step pyrolysis carbonization and magnetization process, followed by an alkali treatment. In order to achieve desired extraction efficiency, feed stocks (wood and bamboo) and different pyrolysis temperatures (300–700°C) were optimized. The magnetic bamboo biochar pyrolyzed at 400°C was found to have the greatest potential for extraction of fentanyls, with enrichment factors ranging from 58.9 to 93.7, presumably due to H-bonding and π–π interactions between biochar and fentanyls. Various extraction parameters, such as type and volume of desorption solvent, pH, and extraction time, were optimized, respectively, to achieve the highest extraction efficiency for the target fentanyls. Under optimized conditions, the developed method was found to have detection limits of 3.0–9.4 ng/L, a linear range of 0.05–10 μg/L, good precisions (1.9–9.4% for intrabatch, 2.9–9.9% for interbatch), and satisfactory recoveries (82.0–111.3%). The developed method by using magnetic bamboo biochar as adsorbent exhibited to be an efficient and promising pretreatment procedure and could potentially be applied for drug analysis in biological samples.     

Phenylboronic acid-functionalized cross-linked chitosan magnetic adsorbents for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of benzoylurea pesticides

In this study, a 4-formylphenylboronic acid-modified cross-linked chitosan magnetic nanoparticle (FPBA@CCHS@Fe₃O₄) was fabricated. The synthesized material was utilized as the magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment of six benzoylurea pesticides. In addition to B-N coordination, FPBA@CCHS@Fe₃O₄ interacts with benzoylureas through hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interaction on account of rich active groups (amino and hydroxyl) and aromatic rings in structure. Compared to traditional extraction methods, less adsorbent (20 mg) and reduced extraction time (3 min) were achieved. The adsorbent also exhibited good reusability (no less than 10 times). Coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector, satisfactory recoveries (89.1–103.9%) and an acceptable limit of detection (0.2–0.7 μg/L) were obtained. Under optimized conditions, the established method was successfully applied to the tea infusion samples from six major tea categories with acceptable recoveries ranging from 76.8 to 110%, indicating its application potential for the quantitative detection of pesticides in complex matrices.     

DCE-MRI参数联合IFIT1基因对腰椎间盘突出患者椎间盘退变程度的评估价值

探讨DCE-MRI参数及IFIT1基因对腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者椎间盘退变(IDD)程度的评估价值。随机选取确诊的66例LDH患者作为研究对象,根据改良Pfirrmann分级法将患者分为2组:轻中度IDD(Ⅰ~Ⅲ级)组(46例)和重度IDD(Ⅳ~Ⅴ级)组20例。通过DCE-MRI检查考察患者的K-trans值,采用日本骨科学会评分(JOA)评估腰椎功能,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估腰部疼痛,采用RT-PCR检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中IFIT1的mRNA表达。轻中度IDD组的K-trans值显著低于重度IDD组。轻中度IDD组患者PBMC中的IFIT1 mRNA相对表达量显著低于重度IDD组。K-trans值与PBMC中的IFIT1 mRNA水平和VAS评分正相关,与JOA评分负相关(P<0.05)。PBMC中的IFIT1 mRNA水平与VAS评分正相关,与JOA评分负相关(P<0.05)。K-trans值和PBMC中的IFIT1 mRNA水平联合诊断重度IDD的AUC值、敏感性和特异性分别为0.991、91.3%和100.0%,AUC值和特异性均高于单独诊断。DCE-MRI检查中的K-trans值联合PBMC中的IFIT1 mRNA水平可用于LDH患者IDD程度的诊断。     

FeIII in a high-spin state in bis(5-bromosalicylaldehyde 4-ethylthiosemicarbazonato-κ3O,N1,S)ferrate(III) nitrate monohydrate,the first example of such a cationic FeIII complex unit

The synthesis and crystal structure (100 K) of the title compound, [Fe(C₁₀H₁₁BrN₃OS)₂]NO₃·H₂O, is reported. The asymmetric unit consists of an octahedral [Fe^III(HL)₂]⁺ cation, where HL^? is H-5-Br-thsa-Et or 5-bromosalicylaldehyde 4-ethylthiosemicarbazonate(1?) {systematic name: 4-bromo-2-[(4-ethylthiosemicarbazidoidene)methyl]phenolate}, a nitrate anion and a noncoordinated water molecule. Each HL^? ligand binds via the thione S, the imine N and the phenolate O atom, resulting in an Fe^IIIS₂N₂O₂ chromophore. The ligands are orientated in two perpendicular planes, with the O and S atoms in cis and the N atoms in trans positions. This [Fe(HL)₂](anion)·H₂O compound contains the first known cationic Fe^III entity containing two salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives. The Fe^III ion is in the high-spin state at 100 K. In addition, a comparative IR spectroscopic study of the free ligand and the ferric complex is presented, demonstrating that such an analysis provides a quick identification of the degree of deprotonation and the coordination mode of the ligand in this class of metal compounds. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements (5–320 K) are consistent with the presence of a high-spin Fe^III ion with a zero-field splitting D = 0.439 (1) cm^?1.     

Water-annealing regulated protein-based magnetic nanofiber materials: tuning silk structure and properties to enhance cell response under magnetic fields

In this study, flexible silk fibroin protein and biocompatible barium hexaferrite (BaM) nanoparticles were combined and electrospun into nanofibers, and their physical properties could be tuned through the mixing ratios and a water annealing process. Structural analysis indicates that the protein structure of the materials is fully controllable by the annealing process. The mechanical properties of the electrospun composites can be significantly improved by annealing, while the magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite are maintained in the composite. Notably, in the absence of a magnetic field, cell growth increased slightly with increasing BaM content. Application of an external magnetic field during in vitro cell biocompatibility study of the materials demonstrated significantly larger cell growth. We propose a mechanism to explain the effects of water annealing and magnetic field on cell growth. This study indicates that these composite electrospun fibers may be widely used in the biomedical field for controllable cell response through applying different external magnetic fields.