超声吸附制备均匀分散在SBA-15的S2O82--Fe2O3纳米粒子:增强S2O82--Fe2O3本体催化活性

酸催化剂在化学反应和化工生产中具有重要的作用.传统无机酸,如H2SO4,H3PO4和对甲苯磺酸等具有较高的催化活性,但是存在污染大、设备腐蚀严重以及催化剂不能重复使用等问题.固体酸具有酸性强、易分离、环境友好以及稳定性和重复使用性好等特点因而近年来越来越引起人们的关注.其中,SO42--MxOy固体超强酸(如SO42--ZrO2,SO42--TiO2和SO42--SnO2等)因具有很好的催化性能而备受关注.相比SO42--MxOy,S2O82--MxOy具有更强的酸性和稳定性而成为研究的重点.如何克服固体超强酸本体的低比表面积和孔容,增加其比表面积和催化活性是固体超强酸研究的热点.超声吸附法可保证所制介孔固体酸活性组分均匀分散,以及大的比表面积和更多的酸性位点.因此采用超声吸附法制备了一种新型介孔固体酸S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15.相比S2O82--Fe2O3本体、B酸和文献报道催化剂,负载30%Fe2O3的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15在环氧苯乙烷甲醇醇解的探针反应中显示出很高的催化活性,反应收率为100%.S2O82--Fe2O3纳米粒子的纳米效应和SBA-15介孔结构的协同作用使S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有高催化活性.相比S2O82--Fe2O3本体,采用超声分散技术制备的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15固体超强酸具有典型的介孔结构、大的比表面和孔容,并且表面富含酸性位点.并且吡啶红外分析S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15表面富含L酸和B酸.环氧苯乙烷甲醇醇解探针反应表明,Fe2O3负载量为30%时,S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15的催化活性最高,优于S2O82--Fe2O3本体和已报道的布朗酸和路易斯酸等催化剂,将醇底物拓展(ROHs,R = C2H5-C4H9),S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15的催化活性也优于S2O82--Fe2O3本体.同时,S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有很好的重复使用性能,连续使用七次,反应收率在84.1%以上.总之,具有高催化活性、好的稳定性和经济性的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有广阔的应用前景.     

Studies on ultrasonic velocity and electrical conductivity of samarium soaps in non-aqueous medium

Summary The ultrasonic velocity of solutions of samarium soaps in non-aqueous medium has been measured at a constant temperature and the results have been used to evaluate the various acoustic parameters. The pre-micellar association and the formation of micelles in samarium soap solutions have been determined by conductometric measurements. The molar conductance at infinite dilution, degree of ionisation and ionisation constant have been evaluated. The results show that samarium soaps behave as weak electrolyte in dilute solutions.

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Untersuchungen zur Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit und elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von Samarium-Seifen in nichtwäßrigem Medium

Zusammenfassung Die Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit in Lösungen von Samarium-Seifen in nichtwäßrigem Medium wurde bei konstanter Temperatur gemessen, und die Ergebnisse wurden zur Auswertung verschiedener akustischer Parameter genutzt. Die vormicellare Assoziation und die Ausbildung von Micellen in Samarium-Seifen-Lösungen wurden mittels konduktometrische Messungen bestimmt. Die molare Leitfähigkeit bei unendlicher Verdünnung, der Ionisierungsgrad und die Ionisationskonstante wurden ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich Samarium-Seifen in verdünnten Lösungen als schwache Elektrolyte verhalten.

     

I2负载蒙脱土超声法催化Biginelli反应

以芳香醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯及脲为原料,I2负载蒙脱土为催化剂,对超声条件下Biginelli反应进行研究。用单因素法考察溶剂及催化剂对产率的影响,通过正交试验优化温度、超声时间及原料摩尔比。优化反应条件为:反应温度80℃,超声时间5min,芳香醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯和脲的摩尔比为1∶1∶1,催化剂用量为10(mol)%,产率最高可达86.9%。合成的7种3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮衍生物的结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和熔点进行表征。     

Vibration suppression in multi-tool ultrasonic machining to multi-external and parametric excitations

Ultrasonic machining （USM） is of particular interest for the machining of non-conductive, brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. In this paper, a multi-tool technique is used in USM to reduce the vibration in the tool holder and have reasonable amplitude for the tools. This can be done via dynamic absorbers. The coupling of four nonlinear oscillators of the tool holder and tools representing ultrasonic cutting process are investigated. This leads to a four-degree-of-freedom system subjected to multi-external and multi-parametric excitation forces. The aim of this work is to control the tool holder behavior at simultaneous primary, sub-harmonic and internal resonance condition. Multiple scale perturbation method is used to obtain the solution up to the second order approximations. The different resonance cases are reported and studied numerically. The stability of the system is investigated by using both phase-plane and frequency response techniques. The effects of the different parameters of the tools on the system behavior are studied numerically. Comparison with the available published work is reported.     

Anisotropy of Seismic Attenuation in Fractured Media: Theory and Ultrasonic Experiment

This is a study on anisotropy of seismic attenuation in a transversely isotropic (TI) model, which is a long-wavelength equivalent of an isotropic medium with embedded parallel fractures. The model is based on Schoenberg’s linear-slip theory. Attenuation is introduced by means of a complex-valued stiffness matrix, which includes complex-valued normal and tangential weaknesses. To study the peculiarities of seismic attenuation versus wave-propagation direction in TI media, numerical modeling was performed. The model-input data were the complex-valued weaknesses found from the laboratory ultrasonic experiment made with a Plexiglas plate-stack model, oil-saturated (wet) and air-filled (dry). The laboratory experiment and the numerical modeling have shown that in the vicinity of the symmetry axis, in the wet model, P-wave attenuation is close to S-wave attenuation, while in the dry model, P-wave attenuation is much greater than S-wave attenuation. Moreover, the fluid fill affects the P-wave attenuation pattern. In the dry (air-saturated) model, the attenuation pattern in the vicinity of the symmetry axis exhibits steeper slope and curvature than in the wet (oil-saturated) model. To define the slope or the curvature, a QVO gradient was introduced, which was found to be proportional to the symmetry-axis Q _S/Q _P-ratio, which explains the differences between dry and wet models. Thus, depending on the Q _S/Q _P-ratio, the QVO gradient can serve as an indicator of the type of fluid in fractures, because the QVO gradient is greater in gas-saturated than in liquid-saturated rocks. The analysis of P-wave attenuation anisotropy in seismic reflection and vertical seismic profiling data can be useful in seismic exploration for distinguishing gas from water in fractures.     

超声波清洗设备的目前发展方向

超声波清洗设备的发展方向目前有二个：一个是从单缸机到多缸机或自动化的超声清洗生产线;另一个是,从低频超声清洗机到高频超声清洗机。     

超声数字式相控阵换能器动态聚焦系统研制

本文是研制超声相控阵换能器动态聚焦系统,它包括数字式多通道信号发射系统和两种超声相控阵换能器。用数字式多通道信号发射系统产生多路数字信号,通 过改变每路信号的时延(相位),控制相控阵换能器的各个阵元,使它们发出的声束在空间某点聚焦。我们对这两种相控阵进行了实验测量,结果表明,用数字控 制的相控阵换能器,可以实现精密的动态聚焦,并可取得良好的聚焦效果。     

超声辐照引发MMA微乳液聚合动力学研究

用自由基捕捉剂N,N-二苯基-2,4,6-三硝基苯肼基(DPPH)进行超声辐照引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)微乳液聚合引发过程的动力学研究,结果表明,所得速率常数比超声辐照引发纯单体聚合的速率常数大一个数量级,说明超声辐照在微乳液聚合体系中的引发作用远远强于本体聚合;得到的表观活化能为正值,说明升温有利于超声辐照引发微乳液聚合.对聚合过程动力学的研究表明,引发剂用量决定聚合反应速率曲线恒速期的长短.     

Ultrasonic-enhanced Stereoselective Debromination of vic-Dibromides to Alkenes with Metallic Zinc Powder in Aqueous Media

IntroductionThe protection/deprotection procedures play avery important role in organic syntheses[1,2 ] .Car-bon- carbon double bond functional groups are oftenprotected during reactions because of their reactivi-ty.A variety of protecting methods,such as halo-genation,epoxidation and the method of usingC5H5Fe( CO) 2 BF4as the blocking group have beenrecommended for this purpose[3 _ 5] .Among themethods,protection/deprotection of olefins viabromination/debromination is more popular,sim-pler…     

大力矩超声电机

本文综述了大力矩超声电机的应用和研究现状,分析了国内外大力矩超声电机实现的关键问题,展望了大力矩超声电机的应用前景。