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71.
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Recently, new quantum features have been observed and studied in the area of nanostructured layers. Nanograting on the surface of the thin layer imposes additional boundary conditions on the electron wave function and induces G-doping or geometry doping. G-doping is equivalent to donor doping from the point of view of the increase in electron concentration n. However, there are no ionized impurities. This preserves charge carrier scattering to the intrinsic semiconductor level and increases carrier mobility with respect to the donor-doped layer. G-doping involves electron confinement to the nanograting layer. Here, we investigate the system of multiple nanograting layers forming a series of hetero- or homojunctions. The system includes main and barrier layers. In the case of heterojunctions, both types of layers were G-doped. In the case of homojunctions, main layers were G-doped and barrier layers were donor-doped. In such systems, the dependence of n on layer geometry and material parameters was analysed. Si and GaAs homojunctions and GaAs/AlGaAs, Si/SiGe, GaInP/AlGAs, and InP/InAlAs heterojunctions were studied. G-doping levels of 1018–1019 cm−3 were obtained in homojunctions and type II heterojunctions. High G-doping levels were attained only when the difference between band gap values was low. 相似文献
73.
Haixia Wang Dechao Xu Jie Zhu Zhong Zhang Radhwan Alnaimi Baozhong Mu Zhanshan Wang Hong Chen 《Optik》2014
The surface and interface roughness of Mo/B4C multilayer mirrors for 7-nm soft X-ray polarizer with variable layer pairs (N = 50, 70, 90 and 110), fabricated by DC sputtering technique is investigated by atomic force microscopy and X-ray scattering and reflecting. The experimental results present that the surface and interface roughness of Mo/B4C multilayer mirrors increase layer by layer from its substrate as its Mo layer thickness greater than 2 nm, and the roughness grown tendency could be characterized by a quadratic function. 相似文献
74.
Based on the coupled wave theory of Kogelnik and Fourier optics, the time-domain diffraction characteristics of tramsmitted multilayer volume holographic grating (MVHG) under an ultrashort pulse readout are investigated. It is shown that the temporal diffraction characteristics depend not only on the numbers of the grating layers, but also on the thicknesses of the grating layers and buffer layers, grating period and the refractive index modulation. Furthermore, using group velocity dispersion we give explanation on the time-delay of diffraction pulse with respect to the center of the readout pulse. Results of our discussion may find applications in optical communications, pulse shaping and processing. 相似文献
75.
This paper investigates the transverse and planar vibration characteristics of two-layered piezoceramic disks for traction-free boundary conditions by theoretical analysis, finite element numerical calculation, and experimental measurements. Amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI), laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), and impedance analysis were used to perform measurements and verify the theoretical solutions for extensional, tangential, and transverse vibrations. The poling direction of piezoelectric elements determines whether they are denoted as either of series- or parallel-type. This study observed that the resonant frequencies and mode shapes of the series- and parallel-type piezoceramic disks present different dynamic characteristics in resonance. Planar and transverse vibrations are coupled in series-type piezoceramic disks and uncoupled in those of parallel-type. Good agreements of dynamic characteristics determined by theoretical analysis, experimental measurements, and numerical calculation are presented for series- and parallel-type piezoceramic disks. 相似文献
76.
Zebib.Y. Nuru C.J. Arendse R. Nemutudi O. Nemraoui M. Maaza 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2012,407(10):1634-1637
Nano-phased structures based on metal–dielectric composites, also called cermets (ceramic–metal), are considered among the most effective spectral selective solar absorbers. For high temperature applications (stable up to 650 °C) noble metal nanoparticles and refractory oxide host matrices are ideal as per their high temperature chemical inertness and stability: Pt/Al2O3 cermet nano-composites are a representative family. This contribution reports on the optical properties of Pt/Al2O3 cermet nano-composites deposited in a multilayered tandem structure. The radio-frequency sputtering optimized Pt/Al2O3 solar absorbers consist of stainless steel substrate/ Mo coating layer/ Pt–Al2O3/ protective Al2O3 layer and stainless steel substrate/ Mo coating layer /Pt–Al2O3 for different composition and thickness of the Pt–Al2O3 cermet coatings. The microstructure, morphology, theoretical modeling and optical properties of the coatings were analyzed by the x-ray diffraction, atomic force, microscopy, effective medium approximation and UV–vis specular and diffuse reflectance. 相似文献
77.
Isao Kagomiya Yusuke Hayashi Ken-ichi Kakimoto Kazuyoshi Kobayashi 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2012
The particulate and the multilayer CoFe2O4(CFO)–BaTiO3(BT) composites were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method and the tape casting method, respectively. Both the prepared composites were simultaneously ferroelectric and ferromagnetic at room temperature. For the multilayer composite sample, a piezoelectric resonance frequency remarkably depended on the applied DC magnetic field, while no remarkable magnetic field dependence was observed for the particulate composite samples. An uniform magnetostriction of the CFO phase in the multilayer composite contributes to piezoelectric effect of the BT phases, resulting in the modulation of the piezoelectric resonance frequency. 相似文献
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