A phase diagram approach to determine the composition of vapor from a microemulsion base

The tangents to the evaporation path curves in the W/O microemulsion base of water, (W), pentanol, (P), and sodium dodecyl sulfate, (S), were extended to the W/P axis to establish the relative composition, (W_V, P_V), of the vapor leaving the liquid.The composition of the vapor, with which the microemulsion is in contact includes also the contribution from the relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. The difference between the composition of these gases is clarified using the algebraic expressions from the phase diagram, but the quantitative composition of the equilibrium vapor is not available without further numerical information. The limits of the vapor for evaporation direction under different relative humidities were clarified.     

Surface properties, textural features and catalytic performance for NO + CO abatement of spinels MAl2O4 (M = Mg, Co and Zn) developed by reverse and bicontinuous microemulsion method

Three typical spinels of general formula MAl₂O₄ (M = Mg, Co and Zn) have been successfully prepared via a microemulsion method both in the reverse and bicontinuous state. The final solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction followed by Rietveld analysis, N₂ adsorption-desorption porosimetry and SEM. Pore connectivity (c) was also calculated with Seaton's method. The analysis of all these properties shown that spinels prepared via reverse microemulsion route have better surface and textural properties than bicontinuous ones. The spinels were tested for NO + CO reaction and reverse spinels shown better catalytic activity than bicontinuous ones while the full sequence of catalytic activity is: ZnAl₂O₄-r > ZnAl₂O₄-b > MgAl₂O₄-r > MgAl₂O₄-b > CoAl₂O₄-r > CoAl₂O₄-b. The Rietveld analysis helped us to give an explanation about the catalytic activity and shown that the configuration of inverse spinel phase is the critical factor for the catalytic behavior of final solids. The reactants NO and CO react in a 2:1 ratio at low temperature but they convert in a 1:1 ratio at high temperatures. From the kinetic analysis the heats of NO adsorption are estimated and are in full agreement with the results of catalytic activity.     

新显色剂CAF测定水环境中微量铁

研究了在 HAc- Na Ac缓冲液中 ,有微乳液存在下 ,Fe3+与莰烯基荧光酮 (CAF)的显色反应 ,提出一个灵敏度高、选择性好、简便、快速测定微量铁的分光光度法。Fe( )与 CAF的络合物表观摩尔吸光系数ε=3.0 0× 10 4 L· mol-1· cm-1,有色络合物至少稳定 9h,铁含量在 1— 5μg/ 5 0 m L范围内符合比耳定律。该法测定水样中微量 Fe( ) ,获得了令人满意的结果     

微乳液中脂肪酶和含明胶的微乳液凝胶中固定化脂肪酶的催化特性

在双2-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)油包水微乳液中Calytical脂肪酶催化月桂酸和戊醇的酯化反应动力学研究表明,反应符合乒乓(BiBi)机制.表观速率常数k_m酸=0.13518mol/L,k_m醇=0.22423mol/L,最大反应速度v_max=1.3873×10^-5mol/(L·min·mg).将该脂肪酶固定于含明胶的微乳液凝胶(MBGs)中,制得固定化脂肪酶,含酶MBGs在非极性溶剂中可作为固相催化剂,并研究了其在辛烷中催化酯化的性能.所制得的含酶MBGs物理稳定性好,重复利用10次以上,其转化率仍达初始转化率的90%.     

微乳液毛细管电动色谱烷基苯的保留行为

以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸纳（SDS）和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）组成的微乳液体系为分离介质,研究一组烷基苯同系物的毛细管电动色谱分离,较系统地考察了多种微乳液条件下溶质的保留时间,容量因子和电动色谱时间窗。结果表明,在SDS组成的微乳液体系中,烷基苯同系物的logk′与烷基链碳数(C=0～5)呈良好线性关系,logk′=aC+b,r＞0.9921。微乳液组成的变化对两种体系的电动分离有不同的影响规律,并对作用机理进行了探讨。     

Triton X-100微乳液中铈与L-色氨酸荧光反应的研究与应用

研究了Triton X-100微乳液(Triton X-100-M)对荧光法测定L-色氨酸的增敏作用。在酸性条件中Ce4+可将色氨酸氧化为强荧光性物质,以此为基础建立了分析色氨酸的新方法。与Triton X-100胶束相比,Triton X-100微乳液对荧光法测定L-色氨酸具有更好的增敏作用,在该介质中测定灵敏度提高了225倍。实验中对影响荧光测定的各种因素进行了优化,同时考察了共存离子的干扰并做了回收试验,对荧光增敏机理也进行了初步探讨。试验结果表明：在优化条件下,色氨酸浓度在0.1～1.0 μg·mL-1范围内与荧光强度成线形关系,其线性方程为F=342.37+30.45c,r=0.998 4,检出限为0.09 μg·mL-1。在优化参数条件下,对实际样品进行分析,结果令人满意。     

Meso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)卟啉褪色光度法测定蛋白质的研究与应用

采用吸光光度法研究了meso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)卟啉[T(DBHP)P]作为新型光谱探针与蛋白质相互作用的光谱行为。发现在pH 4.17 Britton-Robinson缓冲液中,吐温-80(Tween-80)微乳液介质可以显著增强了体系的灵敏度。在最佳实验条件下,考察了T(DBHP)P-蛋白质体系的吸收光谱特性,于425 nm处蛋白质的浓度在一定范围内与吸光度A呈良好的线性关系。分别用于测定牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵血清白蛋白(Ova),线性范围分别为0.50～6.00 μg·mL-1和0.05～0.60 μg·mL-1,检出限分别为0.11和0.039 μg·mL-1。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,成功地用于牛奶样品中蛋白质的测定,回收率为99.56%～100.2%,相对标准偏差低于2.2%。从而建立了一种测定蛋白质的灵敏方法并用于食品分析领域中。另外考察了离子强度及温度对体系的影响。     

微乳液毛细管电动色谱应用进展

微乳液毛细管电动色谱（MEEKC）是在胶束电动色谱基础上发展起来的一种电动色谱新技术。近几年来,MEEKC在各个领域的应用又有了长足的进步,尤其是在维生素、药物、天然产物、手性分离、生物分子、环境分析,以及药物疏水性评价上呈现出强势的发展,本文针对这些领域的MEEKC方法进行了评述。     

微乳液增敏催化光度法测定痕量铬的研究

研究了在微乳液(溴化十六烷基三甲基胺(CTMAB)/正戊醇/正庚烷/水)介质中,痕量铬(Ⅵ)催化过氧化氢氧化茜素红的褪色反应,建立了测定痕量铬的催化动力学新方法。在微乳液体系中,方法的灵敏度比在表面活性剂CTMAB体系中提高了72.5%,催化反应的表观活化能为55.7 kJ·mol-1。水浴温度升高,灵敏度显著提高,校准曲线在不同的反应温度下线性范围不同,在80 ℃反应温度下,线性范围为2.4～75 μg·L-1,检出限达4.27×10-10g·mL-1,相对标准偏差为1.84%(n=11)。该法已应用于电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果令人满意。     

Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene by N,N-Diethylaniline and Phenothiazine in Triton X-100/n-C10H21OH/H2O Microemulsion

IntroductionDuring the last decade,microemulsions haveplayed important roles in the development of bio-logical,material,environmental and other relatedfields[1— 4] .Although photo- induced electron trans-fer processes are of considerable interest in biologyand chemistry,up to now,most of the studies ofthe photo- induced electron transfer in micelle andinverse micelle have been limited to one- or two-component water/surfactant systems[5] .As theirextensions to microemulsion,only a very limited…