Preparative separation of liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch using hydrolytic extraction combined with high-speed countercurrent chromatography

The objective of this paper was to develop a preparative method for the isolation and purification of liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch using hydrolytic extraction combined with high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid were well hydrolyzed from liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid by hydrochloric acid, respectively. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained by single-factor and orthogonal experiments, which were 100% ethanol, 1.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid, 1:25 ratio of solid to liquid, and extracted 2 h for one time. Using the two-phase solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol–water (4:5:4:5, v/v), 2.1 mg liquiritigenin (the purity was 96.5% with a recovery of 87.6%) and 12.3 mg glycyrrhetic acid (the purity was 97.1% with a recovery of 74.4%) were obtained from 315-mg crude extraction by HSCCC. The retention ratio of stationary phase was 47.2%. Their structures were identified by HPLC, melting points, UV, Fourier-transform infrared, Electrospray ionization-MS, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ¹³C NMR spectra. According to the antioxidant activity assays, liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid had some scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals; liquiritigenin had stronger scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals.     

甘草苷在玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

在pH 3.00的B-R缓冲溶液中,采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和循环伏安法(CV)研究了甘草苷在玻碳电极上的电化学行为, 建立了测定甘草苷的DPV法。实验结果表明,甘草苷于1.16 V (vs.Ag/AgCl)处产生一个氧化峰,峰电流和甘草苷的浓度在2.00×10-6~3.50×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.25×10-7 mol/L。该法用于实际样品甘草、胃康灵和逍遥丸中黄酮含量的测定(以甘草苷为对照品),平均回收率分别为97.1%、98.9%和102.0%。此外对电极反应机理作了初步探讨。     

天山云杉凋落物自毒物质分析与初步鉴定

天山云杉凋落物所含化学物质经淋溶释放后对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用,这种自毒作用已造成其种群自然更新不良.本实验采用水溶解、溶剂极性梯度萃取和硅胶柱层析分离法对天山云杉凋落物中自毒物质进行了初分离,利用气相-质谱联机(GC-MS)与核磁共振(NMR)技术,并结合已知标准物质谱图比对,初步鉴定乙醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取相中存在的主要植物次生代谢物质.结果显示,存在自毒作用的3种有机萃取相中含包括酚酸、长链脂肪酸、单宁酸和吲哚类物质在内的17种化学物质,其中乙醚萃取相中存在的2-keto-4a-methyl- 8-methoxy-2,3,4,4a,5,6,11,12-ocahydrochrysene(云杉酮)被确定为一个自毒物质.     

乌拉尔甘草种子油挥发性成分的超临界二氧化碳/气相色谱-质谱分析

采用超临界二氧化碳萃取法(SFE—CO2)提取的乌拉尔甘草种子油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC—MS)联用技术对其挥发性成分进行了分析,首次分离得到52个峰,确定了其中的16种化合物;采用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对百分含量,所鉴定成分占总馏出峰面积的80．85％。主要成分邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和β-谷甾醇乙酸酯具有较多的生理活性,为进一步开发甘草种子油新药研究提供了依据。     

Study on the Preparation of Mercaptoacetic Acid-modified Heterophylla Shell and Its Application in Separation and Enrichment of Pb2+ in Environmental Samples

To increase the adsorption capacity of the Corylus heterophylla Fisch(HS) for Pb²⁺, HS was chemically modified using NaOH aqueous solution and 95% ethanol and was labeled as SHS; then SHS was chemically modified using mercaptoacetic acid. The SHS modified with mercaptoacetic acid(MHS) was characterized using FTIR, SEM, and XPS. The results indicated that the -SH group was present on MHS, and after Pb²⁺ adsorption, the absorption value of the characteristic peak of the -SH group decreased. The adsorption and desorption properties of this functionalized material were investigated as well as the influences of parameters, such as pH value, type of desorption reagent, dosage, flow rate and maximum sample volume. The Pb²⁺ adsorption of MHS reached a maximum with pH>5. The experimental data of Pb²⁺ adsorption using MHS were fitted using the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, and a maximum adsorption capacity of 61.54 mg/g was obtained. This was much higher than the adsorption capacity of SHS before modification with the thiol group. After adsorption, MHS was desorbed using a 0.2 mol/L HCl solution, and the percent of desorption was higher than 99%. MHS was used as a solid-phase extractant in the analysis and determination of Pb²⁺ content in food and water samples, and the enrichment times achieved 150-fold.     

二维相关红外光谱法与黄芪及其伪品刺果甘草的分析与鉴定

采用红外光谱的三级鉴定法分析鉴别了黄芪及其伪品刺果甘草。在一维红外光谱中,刺果甘草的1 737 cm-1CO伸缩振动峰,明显高于黄芪的1 737 cm-1特征峰,说明刺果甘草含有机酯类化合物的量相对高于黄芪。在高分辨的二阶导数谱中,刺果甘草有明显的1 620,1 317,782和516 cm-1的草酸钙特征峰,而黄芪没有。此外,两者都存在1 463,1 511和1 596 cm-1的芳香类化合物的特征峰,不同的是刺果甘草的1 468 cm-1峰的右侧还有一个1 453 cm-1的小肩峰。在二维相关红外光谱中,两者都存在1 070,1 095和1 140 cm-1的糖苷类化合物的自动峰,不同的是黄芪的1 140 cm-1的自动峰强度最大,但刺果甘草的1 090 cm-1自动峰强度最大。谱图的三级鉴定验证了黄芪及其伪品刺果甘草在糖苷类化合物、芳香类化合物和有机酯类化合物的相对含量上都是不一致的。该方法不仅可以快速有效地鉴别黄芪及其伪品刺果甘草,还提供了两者的有机酯类化合物以及芳香类和糖苷类化合物具有很大差别的一些有用的结构信息。因此,运用红外光谱法可以快速有效地分析和鉴定黄芪及其伪品刺果甘草。     

Rapid determination of flavonoids in licorice and comparison of three licorice species

A simple, sensitive and fast method for the simultaneous quantitation of 15 flavonoids in licorice based on an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry had been established and validated in this study. The analysis was performed on an ACQUITY HSS T3 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase consisted of A (0.1% formic acid in water)/B (acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Satisfactory separation of these compounds was obtained in less than 9 min. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r² = 0.9940) during the test ranges. The precision, repeatability, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification were also fully investigated. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous quantitation of 15 flavonoids in 106 licorice samples which contained 83 batches of G. uralensis, 14 batches of G. glabra and 9 batches of G. inflata. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis (using principal components analysis) was performed to classify the samples based on the contents of the 15 analyzed compounds. The results showed that all of these licorice samples were rich in flavonoids, although their contents were obviously various, and the proposed method could serve as a prerequisite for quality control of licorice products.     

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of an Actin Gene from Chinese Licorice（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch）

A PCR-based homologous cloning strategy was used to identify an actin gene from the roots of Chinese licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). Results of sequence analysis indicate that a 1137 bp cDNA with an open reading frame encoding 377 amino acids,actin ortholog,GuActin,was successfully cloned and characterized(GenBank accession No. EU190972). Thus far,GuActin is the first actin of Chinese licorice that has been identified at a molecular level. Analysis by Northern blot shows that GuActin was expressed st...     

用核磁共振研究和确定乌拉尔甘草中一种新成分的化学结构

本文报告了用多种核磁共振实验方法并结合其它结构信息,研究并首次确定了内蒙产的乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)中一种新甘草三萜内酯的化学结构并命名为甘乌内酯(Glyuranolide)。     

乌拉尔甘草叶中氨基酸的反相高效液相色谱快速测定

用邻苯二甲醛柱前荧光衍生梯度洗脱的方法分析了乌拉尔甘草叶中14种氨基酸的含量，为利用甘草叶作为饲料提供了科学参考；该法操作简单，衍生反应迅速，灵敏度高，重复性好。