离线超临界流体萃取和气相色谱/质谱联用对实验室内空气中气相有机污染物的测试

通过团体吸附剂富集，再用超临界ＣＯ２脱附后用气相色谱及质谱技术对实验室内空气中气相有机污染物进行了考察。文中对采样和萃取条件进行了优化，并与热脱附所得结果做了比较。结果表明在２２ＭＰａ，８０℃时，用甲醇改性的超临界ＣＯ２进行萃取的结果优于热脱附法。该法鉴定出气相有机污染物中５２个组分，占色谱峰总面积的９９．６％。     

Supercritical fluid extraction-capillary gas chromatography: On-line coupling with a programmed temperature vaporizer

A simple and versatile system is described for the on-line coupling of SFE to capillary GC. The interfacing consists of a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector. With this injector it is possible to combine solute trapping, elimination of a high flow of extraction fluid, and quantitative transfer of solutes to the seperation column. The problems caused by impurities in the extraction fluid in on-line SFE-GC are discussed. Simple methods are described for the purification of commercially available carbon dioxide. The trapping efficiency of the PTV injector is studied. Applications of the SFE-PTV-GC system are given for the analysis of polymer anti-degradants, polar compounds, and samples with environmental relevance.     

Direct coupling of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography with double-focusing high resolution mass spectrometry

An integral restrictor interface with jet separator for coupling capillary column supercritical fluid extraction – supercritical fluid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (SFE-SFC-MS) has been built and used for the analysis of a fatty acid ester, and of polymer additives with a wide range of masses. The mobile phase used was supercritical carbon dioxide; a flame ionization detector (FID) was used in parallel with the mass spectrometer. Different SFC-MS interface operating conditions, e.g. temperature, restrictor position, flow rate, and sample transfer conditions were optimized to obtain good sensitivity and separation for these applications. In addition, the sensitivity of measurements performed with the direct insertion probe and by SFC-MS interface have been compared.     

中药川芎超临界CO2提取液的液相色谱-电喷雾多级质谱研究

采用HPLC-MSn技术分析和鉴定了中药川芎超临界CO2提取液中的主要成分:洋川芎内酯A、Z-藁本内酯、新蛇床内酯、3-丁基苯酞和苯酞二聚体。液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用在正离子电喷雾电离、自动多级质谱模式下进行分析。样品在ECLIPSE XDB C18色谱柱上以含0.25%乙酸水溶液和含0.25%乙酸甲醇梯度洗脱分离。对藁本内酯等苯酞内酯电喷雾电离后的碰撞裂解机理进行了探讨。Z-藁本内酯的碰撞裂解的两个主要途径为:侧链断裂脱烯和开环脱水再脱羰。实验中没有观察到孤立的脱羰过程。而这些主要成分的加钠离子的碰撞裂解过程完全不同。     

Determination of low levels of polymer additives migrating from polypropylene to food simulated liquids by capillary SFC and solvent venting injection

Summary Methods for the determination of specific migration of polymer additives from polypropylene to aqueous acetic acid and isooctane have been studied. The migrants were extracted from aqueous acetic acid and characterized by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with flame ionization detection (FID) and mass spectrometry (MS). The isooctane simulant was concentrated and injected directly into the SFC. Injection of extracts after incubation, using the solvent venting injection technique in the SFC, enabled additive concentrations as low as 10 ppb in 150 ml simulant to be determined, corresponding to a specific migration level of approximately 1 g additive/dm² polymer.     

超临界流体萃取-胶束电动毛细管色谱法分离测定大黄中蒽醌类组分的含量

采用ＳＴＥ－ＭＥＣＣ法分离测定大黄中的芦荟大黄素，大黄素和大黄酸。萃取条件为压 力４１．４ＭＰａ，温度５０℃，改性剂量０．４ｍＬ。被测组分在１０ｍｉｎ得到全部分离。本法准确、简 便、快速、结果令人满意。     

无保护流体室温燐光法测定吲哚-3-丁酸的研究

在仅以碘化钾为重原子微扰剂、亚硫酸钠为除氧剂及无任何保护性介质存在的水溶液中 ,吲哚_3_丁酸 (IBA)能发射很强的室温光 (RTP) ;详细研究了分析测定条件及有机溶剂对RTP的影响 ;在最大光波长λex/λem =281/447nm处 ,光强度与IBA浓度在2.0×10 -7～1.0×10 -5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检出限4.3×10-8 mol/L ;方法直接用于强化水样和土壤中IBA的测定 ,回收率96 %～104 % ,相对标准偏差2.37 %～3.97 %。     

Synthesis of siloxane stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography

A comparison is made between dichlorosilanes and cyclic siloxanes as starting materials in the synthesis of stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Siloxanes containing one or more of the side groups methyl, vinyl, phenyl, and cyanoethyl in various ratios were synthesized and compared. These phases were characterized by chromatographic (gel permeation, GPC), spectroscopic (IR, ¹H NMR, ²⁹Si NMR), and thermal (DSC) methods. Coated fused silica columns were evaluated with respect to polarity, crosslinkability with several free-radical initiators, and thermal stability. A new liquid phase, 7% cyanoethyl, 7% phenyl, 1% vinyl methyl polysiloxane is shown to be more polar than OV-1701, more temperature stable, easily crosslinked and suitable for use in supercritical fluid chromatography.     

超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏法研究泽兰中挥发性有机物

以超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)提取中药泽兰中的挥发性有机物,经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,人工解析质谱图及计算机谱库检索相结合进行化学成分结构鉴定,用面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。SFE法提取的产率为0.78%,共鉴定75种挥发性化合物,主要成分为植醇、石竹烯氧化物、十六酸、亚油酸、葎草烯等,比文献报道的该挥发油成分多且含量差异较大,其中松香芹醇、蒲勒烯、马鞭烯酮、香芹酮、十六酸、亚油酸、葎草烯、十六酸乙酯、亚麻酸等多种成分未见报道。与水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取的泽兰挥发油进行比较,后者提取的产率为0.12%,从中鉴定出50种化合物,主要成分为石竹烯氧化物、柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、葎草烯、月桂烯等。SFE与SD得到的成分仅有31种相同,其它各不相同。     

Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse magnetic composite particles for magnetorheological fluid materials

Monodisperse magnetic composite particles (MCP) were prepared and characterized for a study of magnetic field-responsive fluids. Magnetic composite particles used are iron oxide-coated polymer composite particles, which were synthesized through in situ coating of iron oxide onto pre-existing polymer particles by the reduction of ferrous fluids. For a uniform and bulk coating of iron oxide, the porous structure was introduced into the substrate polymer particles through a two-step seeded polymerization method. Moreover, surface cyano-functionality was born from acrylonitrile unit of substrate polymer and it played an important role in obtaining successful uniform coating. The structure of the composite particle was analyzed by using a thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and a X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The magnetization property of the particle was also observed. Then, the rheological properties of monodisperse magnetorheological (MR) suspensions of magnetic composite particles were examined under a magnetic field using a parallel-plate type commercial rheometer. From the rheological measurements, it was found that MR properties of the magnetic composite suspensions are dependent on the iron oxide content and the fluid composition.