高压CO2在虾肉糜中的纵向吸附过程

为了研究高压CO_2(High Pressure Carbon Dioxide,HPCD)在蛋白质中的吸附行为,以圆柱形虾肉糜为研究对象,构建纵向溶解吸附模型,采用磁悬浮天平高温高压等温吸附仪测试HPCD在虾肉糜中的纵向吸附质量,研究压强和温度对纵向吸附质量的影响规律。结果表明:仪器直接测得的吸附质量为CO_2在虾肉糜中的纵向过剩吸附质量,不能准确反映纵向绝对吸附质量;在吸附未饱和时采用饱和吸附相体积法将过剩吸附质量校正为绝对吸附质量,在吸附饱和时采用吸附相密度法将过剩吸附质量校正为绝对吸附质量;绝对吸附质量更能真实地反映CO_2在虾肉糜中的吸附能力。在等温条件下,随着压强升高,CO_2在虾肉糜中的纵向绝对比吸附先急剧增加达到峰值,后稍下降并趋于平稳;在等压条件下,随着温度升高,CO_2在虾肉糜中的纵向绝对比吸附下降。35～60℃时虾肉糜对CO_2的纵向绝对比吸附最大值分布在45.53～111.49 cm3/g。研究结果为建立HPCD在虾肉糜中纵向吸附模型提供了基础数据,并为控制虾肉糜形成凝胶的品质提供技术参考。     

水煮不影响花生过敏原数量和一级结构

花生是重要的食物过敏原之一,它应用广泛且会引起严重的过敏反应,近年来得到广泛关注。本研究对新鲜带壳和晒干后带壳花生进行水煮处理,探究热加工对花生过敏原蛋白的数量和一级结构的影响。采用凯氏定氮法测定水煮前后花生中的总蛋白含量发现,未加工鲜花生含蛋白11.16g/100g鲜花生,直接水煮和晒干水煮后,蛋白质含量分别为11.67g/100g鲜花生和11.14g/100g鲜花生,加工后花生总蛋白含量没有显著变化。利用iTRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation)技术分析,结果显示鲜花生水煮及晒干水煮后Ara h 1等8种过敏原蛋白的数量比值均在0.85～1.67之间,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和iTRAQ肽段分析表明,水煮加工对花生过敏原蛋白质的一级结构也没有显著影响。因此水煮加工对过敏原蛋白的数量和一级结构的影响不显著。     

不同结构绝对光栅尺的误码机制研究

针对光栅尺具有断电位置复位、无累计误差、高精度优点,在光学隔振平台上分别建立开放式和封闭式绝对光栅尺实验系统,绝对光栅尺采用图像识别原理,以气浮直线电机ArotechABL1500为参考对象,使用激光干涉仪RENISHAW XL-80校核精度,研究不同结构绝对光栅尺的误码特点及原因。通过对比实验及研究分析,表明封闭式绝对尺相对于开放式绝对尺的误码率要高,开放式绝对式光栅尺的误码率为3%,封闭式绝对式光栅尺的误码率为8%。     

手性Salen-Ni(Ⅱ)络合物的ECD光谱及其绝对构型关联:可见区第一ECD吸收带的指纹作用

对系列手性salen-Ni(Ⅱ)络合物的电子圆二色(ECD)光谱及其绝对构型关联进行了概述.根据晶体结构和对固、液ECD光谱的表征,结合理论计算,着重探讨了准平面型手性[Ni(salen)]的固态结构及其在溶液中的绝对构型和优势构象.在此基础上通过若干实例说明了平面四方形[M(salen)]络合物两种绝对构型命名法,并给出了我们的建议.对[Ni(sal-R, R-chxn)] [sal-R, R-chxn = (R, R)-N, N'-双(亚水杨基)-1, 2-二亚氨基环己烷]的二氯甲烷溶液ECD光谱的计算结果表明,可见区第一个ECD吸收带主要是π →d荷移跃迁(LMCT)所致,而不是通常认为的d-d跃迁: [Ni(sal-R, R-chxn)]的绝对构型为Λ,其在可见区第一个ECD吸收带为正.将此ECD指纹应用于具有“闭壳层”电子结构的其它平面型手性[Ni(salen)]和六配位trans-[Co^Ⅲ(salen)L₂]络合物的绝对构型指认,具有一定的普适性.本文的研究结果对于深入理解手性[M(salen)]络合物的配位立体化学、手征光学性质及其手性识别和不对称催化机理具有重要科学意义.     

Measurement of absolute phase Shift on reflection of thin films using white-light spectral interferometry

A novel method to measure the absolute phase shift on reflection of thin film is presented utilizing a white-light interferometer in spectral domain. By applying Fourier transformation to the recorded spectral interference signal, we retrieve the spectral phase function Ф, which is induced by three parts： the path length difference in air L, the effective thickness of slightly dispersive cube beam splitter Teff and the nonlinear phase function due to multi-reflection of the thin film structure. We utilize the fact that the overall optical path difference （OPD） is linearly dependent on the refractive index of the beam splitter to determine both L and Teff. The spectral phase shift on reflection of thin film structure can be obtained by subtracting these two parts from Ф. We show theoretically and experimentally that our new method can provide a simple and fast solution in calculating the absolute spectral phase function of optical thin films, while still maintaining high accuracy.     

A novel correlation for estimation of hydrate forming condition of natural gases

An inherent problem with natural gas production or transmission is the formation of gas hydrates, which can lead to safety hazards to production/ transportation systems and to substantial economic risks. Therefore, an understanding of conditions where hydrates form is necessary to overcome hydrate related issues. Over the years, several models requiring more complicated and longer computations have been proposed for the prediction of hydrate formation conditions of natural gases. For these reasons, it is essential to develop a reliable and simple-to-use method for oil and gas practitioners. The purpose of this study is to formulate a novel empirical correlation for rapid estimation of hydrate formation condition of sweet natural gases. The developed correlation holds for wide range of temperatures (265–298 K), pressures (1200 to 40000 kPa) and molecular weights (16−29). New proposed correlation shows consistently accurate results across proposed pressure, temperature and molecular weight ranges. This consistency could not be matched by any of the widely accepted existing correlations within the investigated range. For all conditions, new correlation showed average absolute deviation to be less than 0.2% and provided much better results than the widely accepted existing correlations.     

NMR确定手性α-羟基酮的绝对构型

本文采用该方法将α 羟基酮分别与(R)和(S)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基-2-三氟甲基乙酸(MTPA)反应, 得到(S)和(R)-Mosher酯, 再分别测定其 1H NMR谱, 通过计算化学位移差值确定其绝对构型.     

手性化合物绝对构型确定的方法与应用

手性分子绝对构型(AC)的确定在手性化学研究与应用中至关重要.近年测定手性化合物AC的各种方法,根据其原理可主要分为三大类.第一类是在手性环境下激发手性化合物的原子核从而测定手性化合物AC的核磁共振(NMR)法,包括应用芳环抗磁屏蔽效应的NMR法和应用配糖位移效应的NMR法;第二类是基于原子共振散射的X射线衍射(XRD...     

交错级数收敛性的几个结果及其应用

莱布尼兹判别法只是一个充分条件。有大量交错级数虽然不满足其条件,但却是收敛的．对于无法用莱布尼兹判别法判定的三类交错级数,利用常数项级数收敛的定义及相关结果,可以证明在一定条件下它们都是收敛的．并通过实例说明所得结果的应用价值．