固体核磁共振Multiple-CP定量技术的参数优化与应用研究

固体核磁共振Multiple-CP定量技术可实现对不同体系、 不同定量信息的检测. 然而, Multiple-CP对样品属性的宽容度较低, 其中有关样品属性的核磁共振参数包括氢的自旋晶格弛豫时间(T_1,H)、 交叉弛豫时 间(T_CH)和自旋锁定场下氢的自旋晶格弛豫时间(T_{\mathrm{1}\rho }^{\text{?}\mathrm{H}})等. 因而需要系统地掌握Multiple-CP各种实验参数与样品上述特性参数之间的关系, 从而确定Multiple-CP技术可适用的体系范围以及最优的实验参数范围. 基于此, 首先以L-丙氨酸为模型样品, 探讨在Multiple-CP实验中弛豫恢复时间(t_d)、 交叉极化接触时间(t_p)和交叉极化次数(n) 3种实验参数对分子中基团比例测量结果的影响规律. 并以L-缬氨酸、 L-丙氨酸/L-缬氨酸的混合物为模型样品, 探讨样品特性参数的差异性对Multiple-CP实验参数范围的影响. 实验结果表明, t_p受T_CH和\text{?}{T}_{\mathrm{1}\rho }^{\text{?}\mathrm{H}}的影响较大. 对于纯净物或均相体系, T_CH是影响t_p参数设置的关键. 依据实验数据发现, 当样品中各基团T_CH差异度小于8%时, 实验对t_p的宽容度较高; 对于混合物体系, 需同时考虑混合物中组分\text{?}{T}_{\mathrm{1}\rho }^{\text{?}\mathrm{H}\text{?}}差异度的影响. 当组分\text{?}{T}_{\mathrm{1}\rho }^{\text{?}\mathrm{H}\text{?}}差异度为32%、 各基团T_CH差异度为21%时, Multiple-CP对t_p的宽容度高, 可在较宽的参数范围内实现定量检测. 而当T_CH差异度较大时, 获取定量结果时t_p的参数范围较小, 实验条件较苛刻. Multiple-CP定量方法更适用于T_CH和\text{?}{T}_{\mathrm{1}\rho }^{\text{?}\mathrm{H}\text{?}}差异度较小的样品体系的定量研究. 通过研究样品T_CH和\text{?}{T}_{\mathrm{1}\rho }^{\text{?}\mathrm{H}\text{?}}对实验参数的影响, 总结了Multiple-CP方法所适用的样品体系特征, 为使用Multiple-CP进行定量检测提供可参考的参数设置方案.     

顶空进样-气相色谱/质谱联用法同时测定食品接触用润滑油中11种苯系物

建立了顶空自动进样-气相色谱/质谱联用(HS-GC/MS)同时测定食品接触用润滑油中11种痕量苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、氯苯、1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯)的方法。在优化的检测条件下,11种苯系物在10～100μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性,检出限为2～5μg/kg,加标回收率为73.8%～100%,RSD为3.3%～9.9%。方法满足食品接触用润滑油中苯系物高通量及痕量检测的要求。     

基于Aspen Plus的小型含氧煤层气液化工艺分析

针对某一典型含氧煤层气气源,构建了适用于小型液化装置的丙烷预冷氮-甲烷膨胀液化精馏工艺,并采用Aspen Plus对该流程进行建模及分析。以流程比功耗、甲烷回收率为评价指标,分别研究了制冷剂高压压力PN2和低压压力PN7对流程比功耗的影响。结果表明,在PN2为3.8MPa,P_(N7)为0.3MPa时,比功耗为0.513k Wh·Nm~3,甲烷回收率为93.42%,LNG产品纯度接近100%。结合爆炸极限计算表明,含氧煤层气在压缩、冷却、液化及节流过程中,甲烷浓度均高于爆炸上限,操作安全性较高,而精馏塔顶部甲烷浓度变化会穿越爆炸上下限区间,基于此,采用原料气低压初脱氧的方式来控制精馏塔顶部氧气含量。分析结果表明,对当粗脱氧后进入压缩机的煤层气含氧量低于2.4mol%时,流程操作安全可靠。     

微型平面复合薄膜电爆炸开关的设计和研究（英文）

开关技术是影响爆炸箔起爆系统可靠作用、微型化、低能化、集成化的关键技术。电爆炸平面开关是利用强脉冲电流使触发极金属桥箔发生电爆炸,产生高温高压等离子体,使爆炸桥区两侧的电极导通。基于微加工技术,采用Al/CuO复合薄膜材料作为触发电极,设计制造了微型平面复合薄膜电爆炸开关。采用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热法和光谱谱线测温研究了触发极Al/CuO复合薄膜的形貌、反应性和电爆炸等离子体温度,通过放电电流测试研究了开关性能。结果表明,在主回路电压2000V时,开关输出电流峰值约为1938A,上升时间390ns,性能优于仅以铜薄膜为触发电极的电爆炸平面开关。     

微芯片毛细管电泳法快速测定盐酸二甲双胍

提出用带有非接触电导检测的微芯片毛细管电泳法快速测定片剂中盐酸二甲双胍的含量。取盐酸二甲双胍片20片,剥除糖衣后混匀研细,称取0.100 0g,用水超声溶解、过滤,滤液定容至100mL供毛细管电泳分析。十字通道芯片使用前按规定进行清洗。试验中采用含5%(体积分数)乙醇和0.1mmol·L-1十二烷基磺酸钠的2.0mmol·L-1柠檬酸缓冲溶液作为分离介质,进时间为10.0s,分离电压为1.3kV,可在1min内实现分离和测定。盐酸二甲双胍的质量浓度在10.0~110.0mg·L-1范围内与相应峰高呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.0mg·L-1。应用此方法分析了3个片剂样品,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在94.5%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.63%~1.1%之间。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定不粘锅涂层中全氟辛酸

全氟辛酸(PFOA)是一种人工合成的化学品,广泛应用于油库、机场、军事设施等场所的消防材料中,也是氟塑料、氟橡胶和有机氟织物整理剂等生产过程中不可缺少的原料[1]。PFOA是具有中等毒性的肝致癌物,可增加人类患癌的风险,由于其化学惰性及其广泛的生产及使用,已造成严重的环境累积及污染[1]。当前,一些食品接触材料中会使用含氟聚合物,较常见的如不粘锅的含氟涂层,具有独特的耐热、耐低温、自润滑及化学稳定性等特点[2]。其中     

A ladder conjugated polymer transducer for solid-contact Cu2+-selective electrodes

In recent years, there has been a pronounced interest in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes （SC-ISEs）, with emphasis on the use of conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducer. In this work, a ladder conjugated polymer, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene （LCPT）, was investigated in fabricating Cu2＋-selective electrodes for the first time. The resulting electrodes were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, chronopotentiometry, and the water layer test. Results proved that the active LCPT facilitates the ion-to-electron transduction, and avoids the detrimental aqueous layer formed at the interface of SC-ISEs.     

微流控芯片非接触电导法测定注射液中的门冬氨酸鸟氨酸

建立了微流控芯片非接触电导检测法快速分离检测门冬氨酸鸟氨酸注射液中门冬氨酸鸟氨酸的分析方法。考察了缓冲溶液的种类和浓度、添加剂、进样时间、分离电压等因素对分离检测的影响。在优化条件下,即以4 mmol/L M ES-6 mmol/L(L)-His(p H 4.5)为缓冲溶液,分离电压2.00 k V、进样时间10 s,1 min内可实现较好的分离和检测,门冬氨酸鸟氨酸的线性范围为20~200μg/m L,相关系数为0.9990,检出限(S/N=3)为10.0μg/m L,RSD为1.9%,加标回收率为97.6%~101.3%。方法可用于门冬氨酸鸟氨酸的质量控制。     

La0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ钙钛矿催化剂表征及其催化氧化碳黑性能研究

为了研究La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_(3-δ)钙钛矿催化剂对碳黑的催化氧化过程,本研究通过研究催化剂和碳黑的两种不同接触方式,即紧密接触与松散接触,讨论了其对碳黑催化氧化过程的影响。结果表明,与松散接触和无催化剂接触条件相比,紧密接触条件下碳黑的tig(起燃温度)分别下降了89.5和157.4℃,同时随着催化剂/碳黑的比例增加,碳黑氧化的tig、tm(最大转化温度)、tf(燃净温度)均向低温区域移动,表明该催化剂对碳黑有着良好的催化氧化性能。     

三维无溶剂含能Ag-MOF的制备、热分解动力学及爆炸性能

Solvent molecules can significantly reduce the heat of detonation and stability of energetic metal-organic framework (EMOF) materials, and the development of solvent-free EMOFs has become an effective strategy to prepare high-energy density materials. In this study, a solvent-free EMOF, [Ag₂(DTPZ)]_n (1) (N% = 32.58%), was synthesized by reacting a high-energy ligand, 2, 3-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine (H₂DTPZ), with silver ions under hydrothermal conditions, and it was structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. In 1, the DTPZ²⁻ ligands that adopted a highly torsional configuration bridged the Ag⁺ ions in an octadentate coordination mode to form a three-dimensional framework (ρ = 2.812 g∙cm⁻³). The large steric effect and strong coordination ability of DTPZ²⁻ effectively prevented the solvent molecules from binding with the metal centers or occupying the voids of 1. Moreover, the strong π-π stacking interactions [centroid-centroid distance = 0.34461(1) nm] between the tetrazole rings in different DTPZ²⁻ ligands provided a high thermal stability to the framework (T_e = 619.1 K, T_p = 658.7 K). Thermal analysis showed that a one-step rapid weight loss with intense heat release primarily occurred during the decomposition of 1, suggesting potential energetic characteristics. Non-isothermal thermokinetic analyses (based on the Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle methods) were performed using differential scanning calorimetry to obtain the thermoanalysis kinetic parameters of the thermodecomposition of 1 (E_a = 272.1 kJ·mol⁻¹, E_o = 268.9 kJ·mol⁻¹; lgA =19.67 s⁻¹). The related thermodynamic parameters [enthalpy of activation (ΔH^≠ = 266.9 kJ·mol⁻¹), entropy of activation (ΔS^≠ = 125.4 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹), free energy of activation (ΔG^≠ = 188.3 kJ·mol⁻¹)], critical temperature of thermal explosion (T_b = 607.1 K), and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (T_SADT = 595.8 K) of the decomposition reaction were also calculated based on the decomposition peak temperature and extrapolated onset temperature when the heating rate approached zero. The results revealed that 1 featured good thermal safety, and its decomposition was a non-spontaneous entropy-driven process. The standard molar enthalpy for the formation of 1 was calculated to be (2165.99 ± 0.81) kJ·mol⁻¹ based on its constant volume combustion energy determined using a precise rotating oxygen bomb calorimeter. Detonation and safety performance tests revealed that 1 was insensitive to impact and friction, and its heat of detonation (10.15 kJ·g⁻¹) was higher than that of common ammonium nitrate explosives, such as octogen (HMX), hexogene (RDX), and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), indicating that 1 is a promising high-energy and insensitive material.