铝槽封装光纤光栅传感器的增敏特性研究

提出了一种光纤布喇格光栅的铝槽封装工艺,并对铝槽封装光纤光栅传感器的应变与温度传感特性进行了实验研究和理论分析.与裸光纤光栅的测试结果比较表明,铝槽封装工艺基本不改变光纤光栅应变传感的灵敏性,但是温度灵敏度系数提高了3.5倍.经过该工艺封装的光纤光栅可以探测识别0.2 με的应变与0.02℃的温度变化.     

Chromogenic anionic chemosensors based on protonated merocyanine solvatochromic dyes in trichloromethane and in trichloromethane-water biphasic system

Three merocyanine dyes (two pyridiniophenolates and Brooker's merocyanine) were dissolved in trichloromethane in their protonated form, and their potential as anionic chromogenic chemosensors was explored by adding various anions. The experimental data collected were treated considering a model based on the proton transfer from the protonated dye to the anion. One of the dyes was used in the development of an anionic colorimetric assay based on a trichloromethane-water biphasic system, which was able to selectively detect cyanide among other anionic species.     

Iminophosphorane-based synthesis of multinuclear ferrocenyl urea, thiourea and guanidine derivatives and exploration of their anion sensing properties

One-flask preparation of bisferrocenyl-substituted urea and thiourea and trisferrocenyl-substituted guanidine have been achieved from the iminophosphorane derived from ferrocenemethyl azide by using aza-Wittig reactions with carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide. Electrochemical studies indicate that there is no electronic communications between the peripheral ferrocene units and only one reversible redox wave is observed, which underwent a remarkable cathodic shift (ΔE_1/2=100-170 mV) in the presence of dihydrogenphosphate anion.     

氧化镁表面修饰稀土催化材料的制备和气敏性能

本文采用湿化学过程的柠檬酸络合法、可控化学沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米复合金属氧化物LaFeO3,利用各种分析方法对材料的物性和结构进行了分析和表征;并测定了材料对氧化性气体和还原性气体的气敏性能．研究结果表明LaFeO3复合物对NO2在350℃灵敏度高达127．83,特别通过添加MgO对基材进行表面修饰灵敏度提高到845．37,约添加前的70倍．本文还进一步考察了添加质和添加量对基材的结构和气敏性能的影响,并通过研究材料表面对气体的吸脱附性能和元素电子结合能的变化对敏感作用机制进行了深入分析和探讨．     

Dynamics of crack penetration vs. branching at a weak interface: An experimental study

In this paper, the dynamic crack-interface interactions and the related mechanics of crack penetration vs. branching at a weak interface are studied experimentally. The interface is oriented perpendicular to the incoming mode-I crack in an otherwise homogeneous bilayer. The focus of this investigation is on the effect of interface location and the associated crack-tip parameters within the bilayer on the mechanics of the ensuing fracture behavior based on the optical methodologies laid down in Ref. Sundaram and Tippur (2016). Time-resolved optical measurement of crack-tip deformations, velocity and stress intensity factor histories in different bilayer configurations is performed using Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS) technique in conjunction with high-speed photography. The results show that the crack path selection at the interface and subsequently the second layer are greatly affected by the location of the interface within the geometry. Using optically measured fracture parameters, the mechanics of crack penetration and branching are explained. Counter to the intuition, a dynamically growing mode-I approaching a weak interface at a lower velocity and stress intensity factor penetrates the interface whereas a higher velocity and stress intensity factor counterpart gets trapped by the interface producing branched daughter cracks until they kink out into the next layer. An interesting empirical observation based on measured crack-tip parameters for crack penetration and branching is also made.     

钝头机体用嵌入式大气数据传感系统的解算精度研究1）

针对一种钝头机体用嵌入式大气数据传感(flush air data sensing,FADS) 系统的实施方案及求解精度展开研究. 基于15° 钝头体外形,在马赫数Ma = 2.04, 3.02, 5.01,攻角α 介于-5°和25°之间,不考虑侧滑角的情况下,采用势流理论及修正的牛顿流理论建立了该FADS 系统的气动模型. 首先利用经典的三点式算法建立了攻角的求解方案,并采用最小二乘曲线拟合的方法对误差进行了修正;随后建立相应的迭代衰减算法解算静压及动压,最后根据压力比与马赫数的关系求解马赫数. 对解算的数据与实际飞行参数进行了比较,结果表明,建立的钝头机体用FADS 系统的模型及算法精度较好,攻角绝对误差小于0.1°,静压相对误差小于5%,马赫数绝对误差小于0.01.     

杯[4]芳烃的表面化学组装及其在气态四氢呋喃荧光传感薄膜创制中的应用

挥发性有机化合物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)是重要的大气污染物,严重地危害着人类健康.本文设计合成了一种末端携带反应活性硅氧烷基团的杯[4]芳烃衍生物,通过自组装和表面化学反应将其共价结合于玻璃基质表面,获得了一种杯[4]芳烃修饰玻璃基质.以此基质物理担载荧光活性物质--芘封端三聚噻吩(Py-3T),得到了一种对气相四氢呋喃具有"turn-on"及快速灵敏(26.7 μg/mL)响应特性的荧光传感薄膜.实验表明:除苯和甲苯之外,其它常见有机溶剂和化学物质蒸汽对该薄膜荧光发射基本没有影响.苯和甲苯也因响应程度小、响应速度慢而难以干扰测定过程.据此,可以预期该荧光薄膜有可能在THF气体传感上获得应用.     

Measuring and tracking vitamin B12: A review of current methods with a focus on optical spectroscopy

Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. This literature review explores the current methods available for measuring vitamin B12 in human blood, serum, and urine, and the need for a globally accepted reference range for vitamin B12. We present optical spectroscopy, including chemiluminescence measurements, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and Raman spectroscopy, as a promising technique for detection and tracking of vitamin B12. Considerations for future research are highlighted, including enhancing the sensitivity of optical spectroscopy and prospective pathways to improve the reproducibility, selectivity, and speed of vitamin B12 detection.     

分块稀疏信号1-bit压缩感知重建方法

1-bit压缩感知理论指出:对稀疏信号进行少量线性投影并对投影信号进行1-bit量化,该1-bit信号包含足够的信息,从而能对原始信号进行高精度重建.然而,当信号难以进行稀疏表达时,传统1-bit压缩感知算法无法精确重建原始信号.前期研究表明,分块稀疏模型作为一种特殊的结构型稀疏模型,对于难以用传统稀疏模型进行表达的信号具有较好的表达作用.本文提出了一种针对分块稀疏信号的1-bit压缩感知重建方法,该方法利用分块稀疏的统计特性对信号进行数学建模,通过变分贝叶斯推断方法进行信号重建并在光电容积脉搏波(photoplethysmography)信号上进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,与现有1-bit压缩感知重建方法相比,本文方法重建精度更高,且收敛速度更快.     

无创血糖近浮动基准参考测量方法的仿体实验验证

在近红外无创血糖测量中,由葡萄糖引起的信号变化十分微弱,极易受到人体背景、测量仪器、周围环境等变化的影响,限制了无创血糖检测的精度。针对这个问题,提出应用浮动基准位置理论进行背景变异的校正。但是由于个体的差异性与人体环境的复杂多变性,浮动基准位置会因人而异。通过对人体手掌三层皮肤模型进行蒙特卡洛模拟,发现其在1 000～1 700 nm近红外波段的浮动基准位置基本处于距光源径向距离2 mm附近。为了提高浮动基准位置理论在不同人体之间的适用性,提出了一种近浮动基准参考测量方法,即以径向距离2 mm处作为参考位置进行背景干扰的修正,并通过仿体实验验证其效果。选取与人体手掌皮肤模型的浮动基准位置较为接近的2%和3%浓度的Intralipid仿体溶液进行实验。实验结果表明近浮动基准修正法可以消减光源漂移对测量结果的影响,提高数据的重复性和稳定性;同时通过对不同葡萄糖含量的2%和3%浓度的Intralipid溶液进行多次漫反射信号采集并建立葡萄糖浓度预测模型,发现修正后的回归模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别降低了38.51%~79.98%和29.72%~52.22%,说明该方法能够比较有效地消除两个测量位置处共同的背景干扰,提高校正模型的预测精度。仿体实验验证的结果,为下一步近浮动基准参考测量方法的在体测量提供了有力的支撑。