中国现代金的分析技术的发明与革新

回顾了中国金的分析技术的发展历程,重点论述了活性碳柱分离技术和泡沫塑料分离富集金技术的发明和革新对现代金的分析技术体系建立和发展的重要作用;阐述了纳微金分析技术革新和金的活动态分析、地电化学(泡塑)样品分析技术的新进展。     

聚氨酯软质塑料的合成工艺

聚氨酯(polyurethane)是主链上含有重复氨基甲酸酯基团聚合物的总称,由聚二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯与多羟基化合物加聚而得。其合成工艺投资大,耗电多,浪费大。本文的合成路线则较合理地解决这些问题。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定ABS中Pb、Cd、Hg

以ABS塑料为研究对象,采用微波消解法进行样品的前处理,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定ABS塑料中Pb、Cd、Hg,结果表明,Pb、Cd、Hg加标回收率均在95~105%之间,测试精密度均小于3%,该方法在缩短样品前处理时间的同时得到较高的元素消解回收率和较为理想的精确度,适用于ABS塑料中重金属含量的快速测定。     

冻融循环作用下再生混凝土砖砌体通缝受剪试验研究

本文报导了对冻融循环作用下96个再生混凝土砖砌体抗剪试件进行的沿通缝抗剪试验。研究涉及冻融循环对再生混凝土砖砌体抗剪力学性能的影响,对比分析不同胶结材料试件的破坏形态及其抗剪强度,揭示冻融损伤对再生混凝土砖砌体抗剪强度的影响规律,并从微观角度探讨砂浆孔隙变化对砖砌体抗剪承载力的影响,建立再生混凝土砖砌体抗剪强度冻融损伤衰减模型。结果表明:砖砌体抗剪强度受冻融环境影响非常明显,其抗剪强度随冻融循环次数的增加而降低,降低的速度呈现出先慢后快的趋势;粉煤灰的加入有助于改善冻融环境下砖砌体的抗剪能力;对于石灰砂浆抗剪试件,初期的抗剪能力及冻融后的抗剪能力均下降;建立了考虑冻融损伤影响的砖砌体抗剪强度衰减模型,试验数据与计算结果吻合较好。     

Influence of High Temperatures on PET-Concrete Properties

Lightweight aggregate is an important material in reducing the unit weight of concrete and it is essential in the construction of high-rise buildings; besides, the use of recycled PET bottles as lightweight aggregate in concrete is an effective contribution for environmental preservation. So, the objective of the present work is to study the flexural strength of PET-concrete and PET thermal degradation in the concrete, when the blends with 10 and 20 vol% of PET are exposed to different temperatures (200, 400, 600 °C). The flexural strength of PET-concrete exposed to a heat source is strongly dependent on the temperature, the water/cement ratio, as well as on the content and particle size of PET. Furthermore, the activation energy for PET degradation is affected by temperature, location of PET particles on the slabs and the water/cement ratio. A higher content of water gives rise to hydrolytic degradation on PET and a higher vapor pressure that increases the formation of cracks on the concrete. The values of activation energy are higher on the center of the slabs than on the surface, due to the poor heat conduction of concrete.     

结晶型聚合物注塑过程冷却模型的数值模拟

对HDPE平板状注塑件的冷却过程进行了数值模拟 .基于小分子结晶性物质的冷却模型 ,建立了固相、液相及固液相界面的控制方程 ,方程中引入热焓E和参数T 后 ,将带耦合条件的热传导方程转变为非线性抛物型方程 ,按控制容积法将其离散后 ,用数学软件Matlab获得了PE的三维温度场 ,这为探讨带相转变的热传导问题提供了一种有效的数值方法 .通过对制件芯层温度变化的模拟值与实验值的比较 ,比较了不同相变温度下理论结果的准确性 ,结果表明 ,在引入一定过冷度后 ,将相变温度定义在低于平衡熔点以下时 ,该方法的模拟值具有更好的准确性 .同时 ,模型分析了不同工艺条件对制件芯层冷却过程的影响 ,通过相变平台出现的先后以及终止时间的不同 ,说明充模温度主要影响熔体阶段的冷却以及相变出现的先后 ,而模具温度主要影响固体阶段的冷却以及相变平台终止的先后 .     

溶胶-凝胶富勒烯固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定塑料水浸泡液中多种邻苯二甲酸二酯

利用新型溶胶-凝胶富勒烯涂层,结合顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法-FID检测,对PVC塑料制品在水溶液浸泡液中的12种邻苯二甲酸二酯进行了分析和测定,其检出限为0.097～3.646 μg/L;回收率为87.9%～107%;RSD<8%.对12种邻苯二甲酸二酯类增塑剂的固相微萃取条件和色谱条件进行了优化,并与商用固相微萃取聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)探头的性能进行了比较.本方法应用于PVC玩具及PVC餐垫样品的分析,结果令人满意.     

Influence of liquid crystalline polymer and recycled PET as minor blending components on rheological behavior,morphology, and thermal properties of thermoplastic blends

In this study, the potential of recycled poly(ethylene terepthalate) (rPET) as a well‐defined reinforcing material for the in situ microfibrillar‐reinforced composite (iMFC) was investigated in comparison with that of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP). Each dispersed phase (LCP or rPET) was melt blended with high density polyethylene (PE) by using extrusion process. The rheological behavior, morphology, and the thermal stability of LCP/PE and rPET/PE blends containing various dispersed phase contents were investigated. All blends and LCP exhibited shear thinning behavior, whereas Newtonian fluid behavior was observed for rPET. The incorporation of LCP or rPET into PE significantly improved the processability. A potential of rPET as a processing lubricant by bringing down the melt viscosity of the blend system was as good as LCP. The elongated LCP domains were clearly observed in as‐extruded strand. Although the viscosity ratio of the rPET/PE system was lower than that of the LCP/PE blend system, most rPET domains appeared as small droplets. An addition of LCP and rPET into the PE matrix improved the thermal resistance significantly in air but not in nitrogen. The obtained results suggested the high potential of rPET as a processing aid and good thermally resistant material similar to LCP. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塑料SHPB实验中的端面摩擦效应

基于H.Meng的动摩擦实验结果,建立了一个端面动摩擦模型,以描述端面动摩擦因数随SHPB 塑料试样与钢压杆接触界面间最大径向相对滑动速度的关系。在SHPB实验的数值模拟中,分别考虑了该 端面动摩擦模型和以往被广泛采用的常摩擦因数模型,结果发现,选取不同的端面摩擦模型不影响通过塑料 SHPB实验的数值模拟获得的转折应变率(量级为102s-1),然而当应变率超出转折应变率以上时,不同的端 面摩擦模型会对塑料SHPB实验的数值模拟结果产生显著影响,使用提出的端面动摩擦模型可得到更准确 的塑料SHPB实验的数值模拟结果。