2-Deoxyglucose as a selective agent for derepressed mutants of Pichia stipitis

The glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) has been used to obtain mutants depressed for pentose metabolism. Some researchers have used 2-DOG alone whereas others have used it in the presence of a glucose-repressible carbon source. We examined both methods and screened mutant strains for improved use of xylose in the presence of glucose. Pichia stipitis mutants selected for growth on d-xylose in the presence of 2-DOG used xylose from a 1∶1 glucose:xylose mixture more rapidly than did their parents. One of these mutants, FPL-DX26, completely consumed xylose in the presence of glucose and produced 33g/L ethanol in 45h from 80 g/L of this sugar mixture. Mutants selected for growth on 2-DOG alone did not show significant improvement. Selection for growth on d-xylose in the presence of 2-DOG has been useful in developing parental strains for further genetic manipulation. The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Madison. This article was prepared by U.S. Goverment employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright.     

Silica coated quantum dots: a new tool for electrochemical and optical glucose detection

The application of silica coated quantum dots (QDs@SiO₂) in glucose detection in combination with glucose oxidase is reported. The high specific surface area of such particles can be exploited to immobilise a greater amount of the enzyme on a modified electrode. In addition to this electrochemical method, we report here an indirect optical technique based on the photoluminescence quenching of QDs by hydrogen peroxide produced during glucose oxidation. The results obtained with these two different detection methodologies are compared. Correspondence: Sara Cavaliere-Jaricot, Freiburg Materials Research Centre (FMF), Albert-Ludwig University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany     

葡萄糖分子的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文以密度泛函理论(density functional theory, 简称DFT)采用B3LYP混合泛函和6-31++G(d, p)基函数组计算的葡萄糖的分子振动光谱为根据, 首次对葡萄糖分子的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)进行了详细的指认, 并对葡萄糖分子的振动模式进行了归属。在以4-巯基吡啶为桥联剂分子修饰的银镜衬底上, 观测到葡萄糖分子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS), 并对葡萄糖分子在银表面的吸附状态进行了分析。     

2,2＇－二磺酸基联苯氨的合成

间硝基苯磺酸盐;;葡萄糖;甲醛;2;2＇－二磺酸基联苯氨的合成     

储氢合金阴极电还原葡萄糖制备山犁醇

混合稀土储氢合金具有的吸氢性能,可以以氢化物的形式可逆吸放氢,并在适当的条件下以高活性原子氢的形式释放所储存的氢;经活化的混合稀土储氢合金表面偏析形成的富镍层具有良好的催化氢化能力。利用稀土系储氢合金RENi3.9Co0.59Mn0.28Al0.22为阴极,恒电流电解法还原葡萄糖制备山梨醇,采用正交设计法优选得出电解条件：阴极液为0.4mol/L葡萄糖溶液,40℃,pH＝12,电流密度为0.5A/dm^2。在该条件下取得了675的电流效率和80％的还原产率;探讨了储氢合金阴极对葡萄糖电化学还原反应机理。     

毛细管电泳中葡萄糖-羟丙基甲基纤维素体系分离脱氧核糖核酸

葡萄糖作为羟丙基甲基纤维素（Hydroxpropylmethyl cellulose,HPMC)筛分体系的添加剂,可以改善该体系在低浓度时分离脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的能力。研究了硼酸浓度和pH值对葡萄糖－羟丙基甲基纤维素体系分离性能的影响;并将葡萄糖与其它添加剂如甘油、甘露醇对分离的影响作了比较,葡萄糖特有的环状结构使得其对羟丙基甲基纤维素体系分离能力的提高更为显著。     

固定化葡萄糖氧化酶活性的X射线微区分析

利用X射线微区分析方法,对固定化活性葡萄糖氧化酶进行了定位分析;葡萄糖作为底物,FeSO4和KI作为捕捉剂,底物经固定化葡萄糖氧化酶催化产生H2O2,后者和捕捉剂反应生成沉淀,可以确定固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的催化活性部位。结果表明：颗粒越小,酶活越高,活性葡萄糖氧化酶在凝胶内分布均匀,且绝大多数葡萄糖氧化酶固定在凝胶的内部。作者还研究了固定化活性葡萄糖氧化酶定位的最佳条件。     

异戊二烯/1,2-环氧己烷嵌段共聚物的合成及其固定化酶

稀土催化剂;葡萄糖氧化酶;异戊二烯/1;2-环氧己烷嵌段共聚物的合成及其固定化酶     

Biotinylated fluorescent probe for the specific and quantitative determination of blood glucose

The quantitative detection of biomarkers in protein‐rich samples using fluorescent probes is usually hampered by nonspecific fluorescence as a result of nonspecific probe–protein interactions. In this paper, we report a biotinylated fluorescent probe that is encapsulated in avidin protein, which can generate very specific fluorescence in blood serum by blocking out nonspecific dye–protein interactions. This approach was applied successfully to quantify glucose concentrations in blood serum.     

基于Ni12P5纳米粒子的电化学传感器用于灵敏测定葡萄糖

通过改进的热溶剂胶体合成法制备了单分散的Ni₁₂P₅纳米粒子,并利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线能谱对Ni₁₂P₅纳米粒子的晶体结构、化学组成和形貌等进行了表征。基于单分散Ni₁₂P₅纳米粒子研制出的非酶葡萄糖传感器具有出色的性能,其快速响应时间小于3 s,检测范围广（0.002~4.2 mmol·L^-1）,灵敏度高达1 572 mA·L·mol^-1·cm^-2,检测限低至0.8 μmol·L^-1。此外,该传感器在用于人体血液中葡萄糖的实际检测中取得了满意的效果。