卡宾与醚C—H键插入反应的理论研究（Ⅳ）：CX2（X=H,F,Cl）与甲基苄基醚C—H键的插

卡宾与醚类中不同 C—H键的插入反应可生成众多的不同产物 ,是有机化学中令人感兴趣的研究课题 ,对此已有一些实验研究[1～ 5] ,其主要结论由产率分析而得 .在前文[6～ 8] 中 ,我们曾用量子化学方法分别研究了 CX2 (X=H,F,Cl)与二甲醚和甲乙醚的 C— H键插入反应 .林启君等[3] 在实验上研究了二溴卡宾与甲基苄基醚的 C—H键插入反应 ,从产率分析可知 :苯基将使其相邻的碳原子即苄基中与氧原子相连的 α-C上的 C—H键更容易与卡宾发生插入反应 .本文用密度泛函理论在 B3 L YP/ 6-3 1 G(d)水平上研究了卡宾 CX2 (X=H,F,Cl)与甲基苄…     

嘧啶（硫）醚类化合物的合成及除草活性

以2,4-二氯嘧啶为起始物设计并合成了一系列4-芳(硫)氧基-2-氯嘧啶和4-芳氧基-2-二甲氨基嘧啶化合物。利用2,4-二氯嘧啶2个氯原子的活性差异,酚取代嘧啶环上4位氯原子,然后二甲氨基取代2位的氯原子。所合成的化合物均经过了1H NMR和元素分析确证。为了确证酚首先在嘧啶环的4位发生亲核取代反应,用X衍射法测定了化合物3d的单晶结构。初步生物活性测定结果表明,大部分化合物都表现出一定的除草活性,其中化合物7c、7j、7k和7m在1.0×10-4g/mL质量浓度下对油菜的抑制率达到了80%以上。     

稳态荧光探针法研究二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠的表面行为

介绍了以二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚,氨基磺酸,氢氧化钠为原料,合成二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(GNPES),同样方法合成壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(NPES),以芘为荧光探针,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的GNPES和NPES的临界胶束浓度。     

合成气一步法制二甲醚的动力学研究

采用固定床积分反应器，研究了用浸渍法制备的CuO-ZnO/Y-zeolite双功能催化剂上CO加氢直接合成二甲醚的反应动力学，按一氧化碳加氢先合成甲醇，再由甲醇脱水生成二甲醚两步串联的反应机理，分别建立了动力学模型，并对该催化剂对甲醇合成及甲醇脱水的机理作了探讨。模型的计算值和实验值能较好吻合，两步反应的表观活化能分别为27．98kJ/mol和30.62kJ/mol。     

NMR Study on Polymer-Solvent Interactions during Temperature-Induced Phase Separation in Aqueous Polymer Solutions

Some possibilities of NMR spectroscopy (mainly spin-spin relaxation) in investigations of hydration and other polymer-solvent interactions during the temperature-induced phase separation in aqueous polymer solutions are described. A certain portion of water molecules bound in phase-separated mesoglobules was revealed. The residence time of the bound HDO for poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)/D₂O solution (c = 6 wt%) is 1.2 ms. With time a slow release of originally bound water from the respective mesoglobules was observed. For highly concentrated PVME/D₂O solutions (c = 20–60 wt%), the residence time of bound HDO ≫ 2.7 ms and fractions of bound water unchanged even for 70 h were found. A similar behaviour as described above for water (HDO) was also found for EtOH molecules in PVME/D₂O/EtOH solutions.     

Preparation of Star‐Shaped ABC Copolymers of Polystyrene‐Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Polyglycidol Using Ethoxyethyl Glycidyl Ether as the Cap Molecule

The 3‐miktoarm star‐shaped ABC copolymers of polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether) (PS‐PEO‐PEEGE) and polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide)–polyglycidol (PS‐PEO‐PG) with low polydispersity indices (PDI ≤ 1.12) and controlled molecular weight were synthesized by a combination of anionic polymerization with ring‐opening polymerization. The polystyryl lithium (PS⁻Li⁺) was capped by EEGE firstly to form the functionalized polystyrene (PS_A) with both an active ω‐hydroxyl group and an ω′‐ethoxyethyl‐protected hydroxyl group, and then the PS‐b‐PEO block copolymers, star(PS‐PEO‐PEEGE) and star(PS‐PEO‐PG) copolymers were obtained by the ring‐opening polymerization of EO and EEGE respectively via the variation of the functional end group, and then the hydrolysis of the ethoxyethyl group on the PEEGE arm. The obtained star copolymers and intermediates were characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and SEC.

     

Side-Chain Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s for Fuel Cell Applications

Summary: Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s of high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained by melt polycondensation of 4,4′-difluorodiphenyl- sulfone and trimethylsilylethers of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and phenylhydroquinone using CsF as catalyst. Although a block-like structure of the polymers could be expected from the course of reaction, only a single T_g ranging from 190 °C to 230 °C could be detected by DSC and which depended on the copolymer composition. Contrary to the sulfonation of similar poly(ether ether ketone)s the poly(arylene ether sulfone)s here reported were sulfonated both in the side chain and the main chain. Nonetheless the sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s showed high hydrolytic stability in water at 130 °C.     

Low Water Swelling and High Proton Conducting Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether) with Pendant Sulfoalkyl Groups for Proton Exchange Membranes

Novel side‐chain‐type sulfonated poly(arylene ether) with pendant sulfoalkyl group copolymers (PSA‐SPAE‐6F) have been synthesized by direct copolymerization from a new sulfonated monomer, sodium 3‐(4‐(2,6‐difluorobenzoyl)phenyl)propane‐1‐sulfonate. The sulfonate content could be easily controlled by adjusting the sulfonated and the unsulfonated monomer feed ratio. The obtained copolymers all show good thermal and mechanical properties. It should be noted that the most highly sulfonated copolymer, PSA‐SPAE‐6F90 with an ion exchange capacity of 1.30 mequiv · g⁻¹, shows a proton conductivity of 0.11 S · cm⁻¹ and a water swelling ratio of only 12.9% at 100 °C, which indicates its high proton conductivity and excellent dimensional stability in hot water.

     

聚醚砜酮涂层纤维顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法分析水中痕量的酚类化合物

应用自制的聚醚砜酮(PPESK,30 μm)涂层纤维,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中痕量的酚类化合物。优化了固相微萃取温度、萃取时间、pH值和离子强度。方法的检出限为0.003～0.041 μg/L,相对标准偏差低于16%(n=5)。将PPESK涂层纤维与商品化的聚丙烯酸酯涂层纤维对比,结果表明PPESK萃取酚类化合物有较高的萃取富集倍数。用所制备的PPESK萃取头分析自来水、海水等实际水样,20 μg/L添加水平下的回收率分别为100.5%～111.8%和94.8%～117.3%。     

开链冠醚Schiff碱配体与过渡金属离子相互作用研究

合成了开链冠醚Schiff碱配体H₂L(H₂L=N,N′-双(邻羟苯亚甲基)-3,6-二氧杂-1,8-二氨基辛烷).详细研究了该配体在不同溶剂中和过渡金属离子存在下的荧光光谱,探讨了溶剂极性和不同金属离子对其荧光光谱的影响.结果表明:溶剂的极性和金属离子对其荧光性质有较大影响,随着溶剂极性的减小,配体的荧光增强,且谱峰发生蓝移.金属离子Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺对配体具有荧光增敏作用,Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺具有荧光猝灭作用.探讨了配体与金属离子结合的pH范围,结果显示最佳pH值为7—8.