Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric studies of proanthocyanidins in foods

The proanthocyanidins in three foods (pinto beans, plums and cinnamon) were studied with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) in the negative mode following separation by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the major ions derived from heterocyclic ring fission and retro-Diels-Alder reaction of flavan-3-ol provided information about the hydroxylation pattern and type of interflavan bond. The connection sequence of the oligomers was identified through diagnostic ions derived from quinone methide (QM) cleavage of the interflavan bond. Novel heterogeneous B-type proanthocyanidins containing (epi)afzelechin as subunits were identified in pinto beans. Proanthocyanidins with interestingly different A-type linkages were identified in plums and cinnamon. In efforts aimed at extending the identification capacity of ESI-MS to polymers, we found that the polymeric procyanidins fragmented readily instead of forming multiply charged ions in the negative ESI mode. Fragmentation patterns were proposed based on our data obtained by ESI-MS/MS and ESI time-of-flight MS.     

高效液相色谱–串联质谱内标法测定动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物

建立高效液相色谱–串联质谱法(HPLC–MS/MS)测定动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其5种代谢产物(α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、玉米赤霉酮)残留量。在样品中加入4种同位素内标(13C18–玉米赤霉烯酮,D7–α-玉米赤霉烯醇,D7–β-玉米赤霉烯醇,D5–α-玉米赤霉醇)后,经β-葡萄糖苷酶/硫酸酯酶酶解,用叔丁基甲基醚萃取,取上清液氮吹至近干后用三氯甲烷复溶,再用氢氧化钠溶液反向萃取,以HLB固相萃取柱净化后,用HPLC–MS/MS检测。结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996,方法的检出限为0.04~0.13μg/kg,定量限为0.11~0.43μg/kg。在1.0、4.0、10.0μg/kg三种加标浓度水平下,回收率为77.7%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.8%~9.8%(n=6)。该方法准确、可靠,灵敏度高,适用于动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物的定量分析。     

示波极谱法测定某些食品对亚硝酸根的阻断率

在高氯酸底液中，当有硫氰酸盐作催化剂时，亚硝酸根能迅速与二苯胺定量生成Ｎ－亚硝基二苯胺，并产生灵敏的催化电流。峰电位Ｅｐ＝－０．６１Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＥＣ），检测限２×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，线性范围０～３×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／ Ｌ，测定了茶叶等几种称范匝窍跛岣淖瓒下剩晃诹瑁梗梗保ィ滩瑁福常矗ィ笏猓矗担担ィ保罚矗ィ劢梗福ィ胛南妆ǖ老辔呛希刖浞椒ㄏ啾龋痉ň哂屑虮悖槊艉妥既     

保健食品中9种镇静催眠类药品的UPLC-MS/MS法检测及质谱裂解特征的研究

建立了同时测定保健食品中9种镇静催眠类化合物(氯美扎酮、三唑仑、阿普唑仑、艾司唑仑、地西泮、硝西泮、奥沙西泮、劳拉西泮、氯氮卓)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,并研究了其质谱裂解规律。样品以甲醇为提取溶剂,经Zorbax SB-C18(3.5μm,2.1 mm×150 mm)色谱柱分离,乙腈-水(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 m L/min。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子多反应监测(MRM)扫描方式检测,基质匹配标准曲线法定量。9种药物在0.5~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99,定量下限为1.6~9.2μg·kg~(-1)。低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为78.1%~101.2%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~9.7%,日间RSD为2.0%~11.2%。该法简便、快速、准确可靠,适合于保健食品中非法添加镇静催眠类药品的高通量筛查。而对目标化合物碎片离子及质谱裂解规律的研究,也为其定性鉴别和定量分析提供了参考。     

High‐efficiency sample preparation approach to determine acrylamide levels in high‐fat foods

An improved sample preparation method was developed to enhance acrylamide recovery in high‐fat foods. Prior to concentration, distilled deionized water was added to protect acrylamide from degradation, resulting in a higher acrylamide recovery rate from fried potato chips. A Chrome‐Matrix C₁₈ column (2.6 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) was used for the first time to analyze acrylamide levels using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, displaying good separation of acrylamide from interference. A solid‐phase extraction procedure was avoided, and an average recovery of >89.00% was achieved from different food matrices for three different acrylamide spiking levels. Good reproducibility was observed, with an intraday relative standard deviation of 0.04–2.38%, and an interday relative standard deviation of 2.34–3.26%. Thus, combining the improved sample preparation method for acrylamide analysis with the separation on a Chrome‐Matrix C₁₈ column (2.6 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry is highly useful for analyzing acrylamide levels in complex food matrices.     

Detection of polydimethylsiloxanes transferred from silicone‐coated parchment paper to baked goods using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

The non‐stick properties of parchment papers are achieved by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings. During baking, PDMS can thus be extracted from the silicone‐coated parchment into the baked goods. Positive‐ion direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry (MS) is highly efficient for the analysis of PDMS. A DART‐SVP source was coupled to a quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer to detect PDMS on the contact surface of baked goods after use of silicone‐coated parchment papers. DART spectra from the bottom surface of baked cookies and pizzas exhibited signals because of PDMS ions of the general formula [(C₂H₆SiO)_n + NH₄]⁺ in the m/z 800–1900 range. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection in ready-to-eat cooked ham treated with electron-beam irradiation

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) are a group of mutagenic and carcinogenic substances present in significant amounts in cooked meat and fish that can potentially be formed during food processing operations. This paper proposes a capillary liquid chromatography method with diode array detection for the trace-level determination of three HAs, namely, MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline), norharman (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) and harman (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole), in ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked ham processed by electron-beam (accelerated electrons) irradiation to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and to extend its shelf-life. The HAs selected have frequently been detected and quantified in a wide range of food and could be potential markers to indicate the presence of these toxic compounds. The method is based on the separation in an Inertsil C(8) capillary column (150 mm x 0.3-mm internal diameter, 3 microm) by gradient elution mode using a mixture of acetonitrile and 30 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.5 buffer as the mobile phase. Detection was at 250 and 265 nm and, to improve sensitivity, large injection volumes (20 microL) and on-column focusing techniques based on the injection of HA samples in low organic solvent strength solutions were employed. A simple and short solid-phase extraction and purification procedure was also optimized for sample preparation. Nonirradiated and irradiated RTE cooked ham samples at doses between 1 and 8 kGy were analyzed. HAs were not detected in any of the samples analyzed; so both types of samples were spiked at concentration levels in the range 5-25 ng g(-1), which may be found in meat products. The quality parameters of the method developed in the food matrix were established, and detection limits around 0.3 ng g(-1) were obtained. Spiked recoveries between 70 and 79% (n = 3 for each spiked level) relative standard deviations between 1 and 5% were also obtained, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Determination of Vanadium in Foods by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ABSTRACT

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of vanadium in foods was established by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace atomization. The proposed method includes formation of a chelate-complex by reacting vanadium with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDCA), extracting the chelate with xylene and measurement of the extract by atomic absorption. The recoveries of added vanadium to various foods were 91.3 and 109.1%, within 7.9% of the coefficient variation. The sensitivity of this method is 10 - 50 times higher than previous methods with a detection limit of 0.01 μg/g.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源食品中四溴菊酯

建立了测定8种植物源食品中四溴菊酯残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品以乙酸乙酯为提取剂,经浓缩、净化,用流动相定容,采用高效液相色谱分离,以串联质谱在多反应监测模式下测定。结果表明,四溴菊酯质量浓度在20～1000μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9998;在0.01、0.02和0.1 mg/kg(粮谷类样品)和0.005、0.01和0.05 mg/kg(果蔬类样品)添加水平下的回收率为81.6%～92.1%,相对标准偏差为4.0%～13%,定量限为0.01 mg/kg(粮谷类样品)和0.005 mg/kg(果蔬类样品)。     

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS在烘焙食品中羧甲基赖氨酸和羧乙基赖氨酸检测中的应用

建立了烘焙食品中羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)和羧乙基赖氨酸(CEL)的UPLC-Q-TOF/MS检测方法。烘焙食品经脱脂、还原、沉淀蛋白、酸水解释放出CML和CEL,使用FMOC-Cl柱前衍生和HLB小柱固相萃取净化后,采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS检测。CML和CEL在1~700 ng/m L浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数r0.999。CML和CEL的检出限均为0.1 mg/kg;回收率为94.4%~108.3%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.4%~6.2%。该方法定性、定量准确,灵敏度高,能很好地应用于烘焙食品中CML和CEL的检测。