Phase Stability and Elastic Properties of Chromium Borides with Various Stoichiometries

Phase stability is important to the application of materials. By first‐principles calculations, we establish the phase stability of chromium borides with various stoichiometries. Moreover, the phases of CrB₃ and CrB₄ have been predicted by using a newly developed particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Formation enthalpy–pressure diagrams reveal that the MoB‐type structure is more energetically favorable than the TiI‐type structure for CrB. For CrB₂, the WB₂‐type structure is preferred at zero pressure. The predicted new phase of CrB₃ belongs to the hexagonal P‐6m2 space group and it transforms into an orthorhombic phase as the pressure exceeds 93 GPa. The predicted CrB₄ (space group: Pnnm) phase is more energetically favorable than the previously proposed Immm structure. The mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities of predicted CrB₃ and CrB₄ are verified by the calculated elastic constants and formation enthalpies. The full phonon dispersion calculations confirm the dynamic stability of WB₂‐type CrB₂ and predicted CrB₃. The large shear moduli, large Young’s moduli, low Poisson ratios, and low bulk and shear modulus ratios of CrB₄? PS_C and CrB₄? PS_D indicate that they are potential hard materials. Analyses of Debye temperature, electronic localization function, and electronic structure provide further understanding of the chemical and physical properties of these borides.     

Surface Properties of Anatase TiO2 Nanowire Films Grown from a Fluoride‐Containing Solution

Controlling the surface chemistry of nucleating seeds during wet‐chemical synthesis allows for the preparation of morphologically well‐defined nanostructures. Synthesis conditions play a key role in the surface properties, which directly affect the functional properties of the material. Therefore, it is important to establish post‐synthesis treatments to facilitate the optimization of surface properties with respect to a specific application, without losing the morphological peculiarity of the nanostructure. We studied the surface properties of highly crystalline and porous anatase TiO₂ nanowire (NW) electrodes, grown by chemical‐bath deposition in fluoride‐containing solutions, using a combined electrochemical and spectroscopic approach. As‐deposited films showed low capacity for catechol adsorption and a poor photoelectrocatalytic activity for water oxidation. Mild thermal annealing at 200 °C resulted in a significant improvement of the electrode photoelectrocatalytic activity, whereas the bulk properties of the NWs (crystal structure, band‐gap energy) remained unchanged. Enhancement of the functional properties of the material is discussed on the basis of adsorption capacity and electronic properties. The temperature‐induced decrease of recombination centers, along with the concomitant increase of adsorption and reaction sites upon thermal annealing are called to be responsible for such improved performance.     

MoO42-取代对Nasicon型Li3Fe2(PO4)3正极材料电化学性能的影响

以MoO₄^2-部分取代Li₃Fe₂（PO₄）₃中的PO₄^3-,研究表明：加入的MoO₄^2-离子主要以固溶形式存在于Li₃Fe₂（PO₄）₃中,起到了显著改善其电化学性能的作用。其中,MoO₄^2-掺杂浓度为0.3的样品表现出最佳的电化学性能,其在0.5C倍率下的首次放电容量为113.7 mAh·g^-1,这一数值比未掺杂的提高了20.7%;经过60次循环充放电,容量保持率为94%。将放电倍率从0.5C逐步增大至5C,再降至初始的0.5C,并在每个倍率循环10次,这一材料的最终放电容量可达首次0.5C的95%。这些优异的性能应归因于MoO₄^2-掺杂使材料的氧化还原能力增强,氧化还原电对的电势差减小,电池内部的电荷转移电阻减小,以及Li⁺扩散系数增加。     

基于自由基配体的Dy(Ⅲ)配合物的设计、合成、结构及磁性

以氮氧自由基为配体,合成了2例未见文献报道的氮氧自由基-稀土配合物[Dy（hfac）₃（NIT-C₃H₅）（H₂O）]与[Dy（hfac）₃（NIT-C₃H₅）]_n（hfac=六氟乙酰丙酮,NIT-C₃H₅=2-环丙烷基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-咪唑啉-3-氧化-1-氧基自由基）。单晶结构分析表明配合物1为单核结构,单斜晶系P2₁/c空间群;配合物2为一维结构,单斜晶系P2₁/c空间群。交流磁化率测试结果表明配合物2虚部表现出频率依赖,这表明配合物2是单链磁体。     

不同调节剂制备MOF-Fe的性质及对Se（Ⅳ）的吸附性能

以HF、HCl、H₂O和NaAc溶液为调节剂合成了4种MOF-Fe样品,用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、N₂等温吸附-脱附、综合热分析（TG/DTG和DTA）和质子电位滴定研究了4种样品的结构与表面性质,以及对亚硒酸根（Se（Ⅳ））等温吸附特性。MOF-Fe（HF）、MOF-Fe（HCl）、MOF-Fe（H₂O）和MOF-Fe（NaAc）四种样品均具有八面体MIL-100（Fe）的晶体结构,但它们的结晶度和晶面取向略有差异。4种样品的比表面积分别为1 683、1 517、1 641和1 734 m²·g^-1,其总孔体积依次降低,微孔孔径分别为1.27、1.22、1.22和1.17 nm。MOF-Fe（HF）样品的脱羧基失重峰温度最高（415℃）,苯环碳化失重峰温度最低（462℃）;MOF-Fe（HCl）、MOF-Fe（H₂O）和MOF-Fe（NaAc）样品出现了因氧化铁被碳还原所致的失重平台（566~716℃）。样品悬浮液从pH=6.0降到3.0时,消耗H⁺的量表现为MOF-Fe（H₂O） > MOF-Fe（HCl） > MOF-Fe（HF）=MOF-Fe（NaAc）,它们的电荷零点（pH_ZPC）依次为3.1、3.5、3.6和3.5。MOF-Fe（NaAc）、MOF-Fe（HCl）、MOF-Fe（H₂O）和MOF-Fe（HF）对Se（Ⅳ）的吸附亲和力依次减小,它们对Se（Ⅳ）的吸附容量（Q_m）分别为77.69、107.07、117.40和87.15 mg·g^-1。显著性分析显示,MOF-Fe的羟基密度与样品吸附Se（Ⅳ）的Q_m显著正相关。研究结果表明,MOF-Fe样品的结构热稳定性和羟基/配位水分子等活性位点密度受合成样品时加入的调节剂影响,用HF作为调节剂合成MOF-Fe样品有利于提高样品中羧基与苯环之间的C-C键合强度和热分解产物的稳定性,降低苯环碳化温度;HCl和H₂O作为调节剂有利于提高样品的活性位点密度,可提高MOF-Fe样品对Se（Ⅳ）吸附容量。     

MOF-808/Bi2MoO6复合材料的构筑及其光催化性能

采用简单的两步水热法制备出了锆基金属有机骨架和钼酸铋的复合材料MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆。通过X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、N₂吸附-脱附测试和电化学测试对所制备材料的组成、微观结构、光学性质以及光生载流子的复合效率进行了分析。与纯Bi₂MoO₆和MOF-808相比,0.5%-MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料展示出了较高的光催化活性,在可见光照射120 min时对抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)的降解率达89.7%。通过自由基捕获实验,证明了·O₂^-是主要活性物种,基于此我们提出了可能的光催化降解机理。     

多孔软硬磁Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/SrFe12O19复合纤维制备及吸波性能

通过静电纺丝技术制备了多孔软硬磁Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄/SrFe₁₂O₁₉复合纤维,利用综合热重分析仪（TG-DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）和矢量网络分析仪（VNA）等对复合纤维的晶体结构、微观形貌和电磁性能进行了表征,研究了不同软硬磁质量比对纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明：900℃下制备的复合纤维具有立体多孔结构,软硬磁质量比为1∶3时,复合纤维的比表面积达到55 m²·g^-1。吸波性能测试结果显示,当吸波剂涂层厚度为3.5 mm时,复合纤维在10.6 GHz处反射损失（R_L）值达到-31.9 dB,在2~18 GHz频率范围内,R_L值小于-10 dB的吸收带宽达到10.5 GHz,覆盖了整个X波段（8.2~12.4 GHz）和Ku波段（12.4~18 GHz）,显示出优异的宽波段吸收性能。     

The preparation of a novel polydopamine-graft-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) protein-resistant coating and its applications in protein separation

A novel polydopamine-graft-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)(PDA-g-PMOXA) coating was prepared by immobilizing poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)(PMOXA) onto material surfaces through polydopamine (PDA) anchored coating for the first time.And then,the chemical composition,hydrophilicity,and protein-resistant properties of the PDA-g-PMOXA coating were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),contact angel(CA) test,surface plasmon resonance(SPR),and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D) measurement.Finally,the coating was applied to the capillary inner surface for protein separation by capillary electrophoresis(CE).