Synthesis of (+)-goniothalamin and its enantiomer by combination of lipase catalyzed resolution and alkene metathesis

(+)-Goniothalamin has been synthesized by lipase catalyzed resolution of (1E)-1-phenylhexa-1,5-dien-3-ol using vinyl acrylate as acyl donor followed by ring closing metathesis of the formed (1R)-1-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl]but-3-enyl acrylate. The unreacted alcohol from the resolution, (1E,3S)-1-phenylhexa-1,5-dien-3-ol, was esterified non-enzymatically, and used for synthesis of (−)-goniothalamin.     

A thermodynamic and kinetic study of the formation of C<Subscript>20</Subscript> compounds encapsulating H,He and Ne atoms

 Binding energies of helium, neon and atomic hydrogen encapsulated inside a C₂₀ cage were calculated using an ab initio method at the B3LYP/6-31+G⋆ level of theory. The standard equilibrium constants for the reactions of noble-gas atoms going into the C₂₀ molecular cage have also been studied. The transition states for the reactions of C₂₀ with hydrogen and helium were further obtained with an ab initio method at the B3LYP/6-31+G⋆ level and the rate constants were estimated by using conventional transition-state theory. It was found that the hydrogen and helium atoms are extremely difficult to put into the C₂₀ cage. Once inside the cage, a helium atom can hardly get out, while a hydrogen atom can easily escape from the cage. The results are expected to enrich fullerene science and be helpful for fullerene applications such as storage. Received: 2 November 2002 / Accepted: 19 December 2002 / Published online: 30 April 2003 Correspondence to: R. Q. Zhang, e-mail: aprqz@cityu.edu.hk Acknowledgements. The work described in this paper was jointly supported by a grant from the City University of Hong Kong (project no. 7001222) and a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (project no. 9040633/CityU, 1011/01P].     

酶法动力学拆分制备光学活性γ-内酯

研究了脂肪酶对桃醛和γ-癸内酯的水解动力学拆分反应,考察了温度、pH值、酶的用量等因素对酶催化水解拆分过程的影响.选择氯化钙-阿拉伯胶水溶液作为反应介质,使γ-内酯拆分产物取得较高的ee值.回收拆分中产生的γ-羟基酸,外消旋化后再内酯化,投入下一批反应,提高了光学活性γ-内酯的总得率.     

Reaction kinetics of the esterification of lauric acid in iso-octane using an immobilized biocatalyst

The kinetics of the esterification of lauric acid with geraniol catalyzed by a commercially immobilized lipase preparation fromMucor miehei, Lipozyme, was studied in well-stirred flasks under conditions of no external mass transfer limitations. It was shown that the reaction is inhibited by lauric acid and the reaction mechanism can be described as a Ping-Pong Bi-Bi with Dead-End inhibition caused by lauric acid.     

固定化脂肪酶催化合成6,6'-海藻糖月桂酸酯

 以吸附在硅藻土上的假丝酵母（Candidasp．1619）脂肪酶为催\r\n化剂，在无溶剂体系中，研究了月桂酸与海藻糖的酯化反应．结果表明\r\n，反应温度为47℃，pH为7．0，月桂酸与海藻糖的摩尔比大于6时酯化\r\n反应的转化率较高．在3．2mmol（0．64g）月桂酸、0．2mmol（0．07\r\n6g，即53μl浓度为1．43g／ml的糖溶液）海藻糖和200mg固定化脂肪酶\r\n（1000U）组成的反应体系中，于47℃振荡反应36h，以海藻糖月桂酸双\r\n酯计算，酯化程度达95％以上．用有机溶剂提取的反应产物经薄层色谱\r\n提纯后进行13CNMR分析，结果表明，产物主要是6，6’－海藻糖月桂酸\r\n酯，其纯度为90％～95％．     

Influence of the support on the reaction course of tributyrin hydrolysis catalyzed by soluble and immobilized lipases

Lipases from different origins have been immobilized in supports chosen by its different aquaphilicity and used as biocatalysts for the hydrolysis of tributyrin. The changes of the concentration of tri-, di-, monobutyrin, glycerol, and butyric acid during the reactions catalyzed by soluble, as well as immobilized, lipases were evaluated by gas chromatography. The experimental data were fitted to a simple kinetic model for the sequential reaction of tributyrin hydrolysis. The calculated apparent rate constants were different for the biocatalysts used and were apparently related to diffusional effects and aquaphilicity of the supports. Maximal yields of dibutyrin were found with the soluble Candida lipase, whereas the highest yield of monobutyrin (90%) was obtained with the least aquaphylic derivative (Candida-Celite).     

Microwave-assisted solvent-free lipase catalyzed transesterification of β-ketoesters

Abstract

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification was used as an efficient tool for the interconversion of β-ketoesters. Catalytic activity of commercial lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) was evaluated in systems involving non activated acyl donors, and enhanced using microwave irradiation. Interestingly, the combination of CAL B in microwave irradiation worked excellent in solvent-free conditions, thus assuring a highly competitive and environment-friendly process with high yields (up to 96%) in competitive times (< 2h). The combination of biocatalysis with solvent-free systems and microwave assistance is currently scarcely used, and may represent a powerful synergy for preparative reactions.     

亲水梳状环氧聚合物载体柔性固定化脂肪酶

以氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球载体为大分子引发剂,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和亲水性丙烯酰胺为共聚接枝单体,以氯化亚铜及2,2'-联吡啶为催化体系,采用原子转移自由基聚合法接枝合成了具有柔性链的亲水梳状环氧聚合物载体PS-acyl-P(AM-co-GMA),并将其用于耐有机溶剂YCJ01脂肪酶的共价柔性固定化.结果表明,固定化酶催...     

Novel method to fabricate magnetic hollow silica particles with anisotropic structure

Magnetic Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ particles with rod-like structure and hollow interior have been constructed by a template method. During this procedure, β-FeOOH was firstly synthesized as the rod-like template to fabricate β-FeOOH/SiO₂ core/shell-like particles. These β-FeOOH/SiO₂ nanorods could be further transformed to Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ via the decomposition-reducing method. These particles showed ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature with high coercivity and may provide potential applications in biological area.