ICP－MS用于Eu_2O_3标准物质中铝和锌的定值分析

报道了用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定氧比铕标准物质中Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和ＺｎＯ的方法。考察了谱干扰和基体影响，采用Ｒｈ为内标较好地补偿了基体铕的影响。方法简便、快速，定值准确、可靠。     

Error of DIAL-measured Ozone Concentration and a Three-Wavelength Inversion Technique

Sensitivity of the error in the stratospheric ozone concentration measured by DIAL to the scattering property of the stratospheric aerosol is studied through both theoretical analysis and numerical experiment in this paper, and based on the sensitivity, a three-wavelength lidar inversion technique is proposed for a simultaneous determination of ozone concentration profile, aerosol backscatter coefficient profile and its size distribution in the stratosphere. It is found from the sensitivity study that there is a considerable effect of the stratospheric aerosol on accuracy of the ozone concentration solution. If the aerosol scattering is neglected, a large error of the solution can be obtained, especially when there is the stratospheric volcanic cloud, the error can be up to 100%. According to numerical experiments, a great improvement of the ozone concentration solution is obtained by using the present three-wavelenght inversion method.     

Influence of operational parameters on retention of ultra-high molecular weight polystyrenes in thermal field-flow fractionation

Summary The influence of various parameters (concentration of the injected polymer solution, flow rate, temperature gradient, relaxation conditions) on the retention and shape of the fractogram of ultra-high molecular weight polystyrenes in thermal field-flow fractionation was investigated. Under the operating conditions adopted, reproducible oscillations in the peak shape are observed for molecular weights larger than a few millions, especially at relatively high polymer concentration. They are attributed to some hydrodynamic instabilities. The retention of ultra-high molecular weight polystyrenes at high flow rate is strongly dependent on the initial relaxation period. All of the investigated operational variables have a complex effect on the resulting shape of the fractogram. Consequently, the confirmation of the shear-induced focusing of macromolecules across the channel thickness requires further study. Experiments on reinjection of fractions collected after an initial high speed pass through the separation system leads to the conclusion that shear degradation of the ultra-high molecular weight polymers did not occur under the investigated experimental conditions even at the highest flow rates.     

Self aggregation of binary mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers in aqueous solution

The mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with Brij35 and Brij 97 were studied separately by fluorescence measurement using pyrene as fluorescent probe. In the range of 0–1.0 mole fraction (X) of added SDS to Brij solutions, the cmc value of the mixed micelles varies from 0.085 to 8 mmol with Brij 35 and 0.04 to 8 mmol with Brij 97. The aggregation number also changes. A measure of the stability of mixed micelles is also presented. The interaction parameter ₁₂ and the chain–chain contribution parameter (B₁) are extracted from the analysis of the results. This parameter B₁ is related to the standard free energy change associated with the introduction of one ionic species into a nonionic micelle coupled with the release of one nonionic species from the micelle. The clouding behaviour of Brij 97 in the presence of SDS was investigated and the associated thermodynamic parameters of clouding were generated and discussed.     

甲壳素类液晶高分子研究——低分子量壳聚糖溶致液晶性及分子量对液晶临界浓度的影响

研究了两种用酶降解法得到的低分子量壳聚糖样品(CS1和CS2)的溶致液晶性.用GPC并辅以质谱法确定了两样品的数均相对分子质量为622和2311 g/mol.在相对分子质量低至622的低分子量壳聚糖(相当于四糖)水溶液中仍发现了溶致液晶现象,并确定出相对分子质量为622和2311的低分子量壳聚糖液晶临界浓度为73%和36%(W/W%),这些结果与已报道的中、高分子量壳聚糖液晶临界浓度随分子量升高而降低的基本规律是一致的.实验结果与经典的KS理论预测值不符,因为低分子量壳聚糖的相对分子质量超过了KS理论对高分子临界浓度的预测范围.     

磷脂酰胆碱水溶液CMC的测定

磷脂酰胆碱水溶液ＣＭＣ的测定陈鲁生周武姜云生（山东师范大学化学系济南２５００１４）关键词磷脂酰胆碱临界胶束浓度磷脂酰胆碱是一种天然生物两性表面活性物质，也是一种重要的生命物质，具有广泛的用途［１］，由于磷脂酰胆碱的水溶性较差，所以较长时间以来对其溶液...     

Vapor pressure of R227ea + ethanol at 343.13 K by molecular simulation

A new molecular model for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea) was developed on the basis of quantum chemical calculations and optimized using experimental vapor pressure and bubble density data. In combination with an existing model for ethanol, a molecular model for the binary mixture R227ea + ethanol was defined, using the Lorentz–Berthelot combining rule. It was validated at 283.17 K, where, considering the statistical uncertainties, it agrees to the experimental vapor pressure. The vapor–liquid equilibrium, comprising both bubble line and dew line data, was predicted at 343.13 K by molecular simulation. The Peng–Robinson equation of state fails for this system.     

毒素蛋白ColicinE1与磷脂膜相互作用的荧光光谱研究临界摩尔比的测定

磷脂－蛋白相互作用的临界摩尔比是研究膜脂－蛋白相互作用的重要参数．本文利用荧光光谱技术首次测定了毒素蛋白ＣｏｌｉｃｉｎＥ１在不同条件下与不同磷脂膜相互作用的临界摩尔比并通过临界摩尔比的变化讨论了插膜蛋白与磷脂膜相互作用的规律，为进一步探讨毒素蛋白的插膜机制提供了重要的基础     

巯基葡聚糖凝胶分离富集光度法测定镉的研究

研究了在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在下，新显色剂邻羧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯（ＣＤＡＡ）与镉的显色体系，在ｐＨ１０．６的Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－ＮａＯＨ体系中，显色反应灵敏度很高。络合物的最大吸收位于５４５ｎｍ处，其摩尔吸光系数为２．２２×１０＾５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｃｍ＾－１。镉含量在０￣１２μｇ／２５ｍＬ符合比耳定律。将该体系用于巯基葡聚糖凝胶分离富集－光度法测水样中微量镉，结果令人满意。     

Study of the concentration and separation of cadmium with microcrystalline phenolphthalein modified by crystal violet

A new method for cadmium separation and concentration with microcrystalline phenolphthalein modified by crystal violet (CV) was developed in the paper. In the presence of potassium iodide (KI) and CV, cadmium are quantitatively absorbed on microcrystalline phenolphthalein in the pH range 1.0-6.0 as the forms of water-insoluble ion-associated complexes (CdI₃⁻)·(CV⁺) and (CdI₄²⁻)·(CV⁺)₂. Effect of different parameters such as phenolphthalein amount, stirring time, the concentration of CV and KI, various salts and metal ions was studied in detail. During the present study, a significant enhancement of the extraction of cadmium was observed. Cd(II) can be completely separated from Zn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Cr(III) and Al(III) in this microcrystalline system and well concentrated without the interference of these metal ions at high level. The possible reactive mechanism of cadmium concentration has been discussed. Analytical results obtained by this new method were very gratifying.