电泳法制备的致密氧化锡薄膜及其在高稳定性钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

在平面型钙钛矿太阳能电池中常采用SnO₂作为电子传输层材料,相应的SnO₂薄膜常采用溶液旋涂法制备。但是由于前驱液中的纳米颗粒可能会发生部分团聚、基底和溶液难以完全避免灰尘等杂质颗粒混入,且最佳的SnO₂电子传输层的厚度通常仅有约20 nm,所以这种方法制备的电子传输层难以保证严格致密和无纳米针孔。在本工作中,我们报道了一种电泳沉积制备致密SnO₂薄膜的方法,并用其有效地提高了钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率和工况稳定性。通过电泳法,表面带负电荷的SnO₂纳米颗粒在电场的作用下沉积到氧化铟锡(ITO)阳极表面,这种方法得到的薄膜比旋涂法制备的更为致密。将其应用于n-i-p结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池中,能够使得暗电流降低并抑制载流子的非辐射复合,从而提高电池的短路电流和开路电压,进而实现更高的光电转换效率(从18.17%提高到19.52%),且能消除迟滞效应。更重要的是,长期工况稳定性测试表明基于电泳-旋涂法制备的器件在1个太阳的光照下、最大功率点处连续工作960 h后,仍然能够保持71%的初始效率;然而基于旋涂法制备的器件在工作100 h后即降低到初始效率的70%。本工作提供了一种全新的SnO₂电子传输层的制备方法,显著地提高了器件性能和工况稳定性,后续有望应用于制备大面积器件和电池模组。     

溶胶-凝胶法可控制备氧化锡纳米晶包覆碳纳米管

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氧化锡纳米晶包覆的碳纳米管。自由Sn4+离子从稳定的Sn柠檬酸配合物中缓慢释放出来,迁移到碳纳米管上,并在碳纳米管上沉积形成了SnO2纳米晶,沉积过程完全为异相成核方式,在碳纳米管外并没有发现单独的SnO2纳米晶。这种溶胶-凝胶方法还可以用来制备无氯离子污染的、低团聚的纯SnO2纳米晶。     

Range Distribution Parameters and Electronic Stopping Power for ^19F^＋ Ions in SnO2, Indium-Tin Oxide, AgGaSe2 and AgGaS2： Comparison Between Theory and Experiment

Range distributions of fluorine for ^19F^ implantation into SnO2, indium-tin oxide, AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2 aremeasured by using the ^19F(p, αγ)^16O resonant nuclear reactions. The electronic stopping cross sections for ^19F ions in these materials are derived from the measured range distributions. These experimental results are compared with those obtained from the newest version of stopping and range computer code, SRIM2003. Thevalues of projected range predicted by the SRIM2003 agree well with the measured values for AgGaS2 andAgGaSe2 substrates. However, the values given by the SRIM2003 substantially deviate from the experimentalvalues for the oxide materials SnO2 and ITO.     

CdO—SnO2复合氧化物的组成与性能

通过控制共沉淀时溶液中Ｃｄ／Ｓｎ摩尔比的方法，合成了物相组成不同的ＣｄＯ－ＳｎＯ２复合氧化物粉料，探讨了相组成与材料电导及气敏性能之间的关系。     

锑掺杂氧化锡粉体的太赫兹透射特性

以SnCl45H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用液相化学共沉淀法制备锑掺杂氧化锡（ATO）粉体。分析了不同Sb掺杂质量分数条件下,ATO粉体的禁带宽度变化,并对材料在0.2~1.6 THz波段的透射时域和频域谱,以及吸收和屏蔽参数进行了对比分析。结果表明,ATO粉体的禁带宽度随着Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大;同时,ATO粉体对THz波的吸收系数随着Sb掺杂量的增加先增大后减小,当Sb掺杂质量分数为9%时,ATO的吸收系数在1.25 THz处达到最大值156.5 cm-1,屏蔽效能在1.24~1.60 THz范围内最高达到45.0 dB。     

Role of chelating agent in chemical and fluorescent properties of SnO2 nanoparticles

A modified polyacrylamide gel route is applied to synthesize SnO2 nanoparticles. High-quality SnO2 nanoparticles with a uniform size are prepared using different chelating agents. The average particle size of the samples is found to depend on the choice of the chelating agent. The photoluminescence spectrum detected at λex = 230 nm shows a new peak located at 740 nm due to the surface defect level distributed at the nanoparticle boundaries.     

Al2O3/SnO2 Co-Nanoparticle Modified Grafted Collagen for Improving Thermal Stability and Infrared Emissivity

Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles were prepared with a modified sol-gel technique followed by a thermal treatment process. With these co-nanoparticles the grafted collagen-Al2O3/SnO2 nanocomposites were obtained using a supersonic dispersion method. X-ray diffraction, FT-IR analysis, transmission electron microscopy, TGA/DTA and infrared emissivity test were performed to characterize the resulting nanoparticles and nanocomposites, respectively. The Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles showed a narrow distribution of size between 20-40 nm and could be uniformly absorbed on the tri-helix scaffolds of the grafted collagen without any aggregation. The nanocomposites possessed better thermal stability and substantially lower infrared emissivity than the grafted collagen and Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles with an increase of degradation temperature from 39 to 210 ℃ and a decrease of infrared emissivity from 0.850 of the grafted collagen and 0.708 of the Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles to 0.424, which provided a potential application of the nanocomposites to areas such as photoelectronics.     

纳米氧化锡锑改性水性聚氨酯的制备与表征

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚二醇（N-210）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、一缩二乙二醇（DEG）、三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）及纳米氧化锡锑（ATO）浆料为主要原料,制备了稳定的纳米ATO改性水性聚氨酯(APU)乳液。 粒径测试及透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察显示,纳米ATO在水性聚氨酯中分散较好,乳液粒径均小于100 nm; FTIR分析表明,纳米ATO粒子与水性聚氨酯(WPU)间可能存在化学键; 热重分析(TGA)测试显示,随纳米ATO添加量的增加,胶膜最大热分解温度逐渐提高,最大提高了约20 ℃;紫外-可见-近红外吸收及保温性能测试表明,随着纳米ATO添加量的提高,胶膜在800~2500 nm的透过率逐渐降低,但涂层在可见光区透过率均超过70%,热阻率由1.34×10-2 m2·℃/W提高至3.17×10-2 m2·℃/W。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定木制品中双三丁基氧化锡

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定木制品中双三丁基氧化锡(TBTO)含量的方法。样品经甲醇提取,所得提取液用四乙基硼化钠衍生化,产物用气相色谱-质谱法测定,外标法定量。双三丁基氧化锡的质量浓度在0.1～40 mg.L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.05mg.kg-1。在3个标准加入水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,加标回收率在88.4%～90.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.0%～5.4%之间。