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排序方式: 共有289条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A method has been developed to determine the boiling point distribution of sulfur compounds in light cycle oils (LCO'S). The method chosen for this analysis was GC with a flame photometric detector (FPD) and pyrolyzer. Tests were carried out to evaluate the recovery efficiency, repeatability, and accuracy of the method. Repeatabilities within 2% were obtained. The recovery of benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes was close to 100%; this was important because these are the major sulfur components in LCO's. No hydrocarbon or solvent interferences were observed with the use of the pyrolyzer, even for a 95% solvent level. Comparison with results from other techniques showed that the method accurately determined the levels of sulfur compounds in the LCO boiling point range. 相似文献
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气相色谱-原子发射光谱联用技术测定柴油中硫化物 总被引:13,自引:8,他引:13
采用气相色谱-原子发射光谱(GC-AED)联用技术对柴油中硫化物进行了定性定量研究,考察了柴油加氢脱硫处理前后硫化物的变化及不同柴油原料硫化物的分布情况。结果表明,1#柴油可定性出33类硫化物,经加氢脱硫处理后,1-1#和1-2#样品硫含量可由1497mg/L分别降到165.1mg/L和90.4mg/L,平均脱除率为89.0%和94.0%。其中噻吩或苯并噻吩的脱除率为100%;C1二苯并噻吩的肿除率为90.0%和96.2%;C2二苯并噻吩的脱除率为80.6%和91.7%;C3二苯并噻吩的脱除率为72.6%和84.4%;C4二苯并噻吩的脱除率为79.0%和90.3%;C5或C6二苯并噻吩的脱除率为58.4%和68.4%;未知硫化物脱除率95.7%和97.9%。噻吩类脱除率视取代基的大小、个数和取代位置的不同脱除率不同;不同原料 总硫和各种硫化物含量差别很大,应根据其硫化物的分布特点,有针对性地研制开发加氢脱硫的催化剂及选择合适的加工工艺。 相似文献
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在微波辅助下合成、纯化了离子液体溴化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑[BMIM]Br,测定了产率和纯度,并使用FTIR和1HNMR进行了产物结构表征;以[BMIM]Br为萃取剂对催化裂化和加氢裂化柴油进行超声辅助萃取脱硫,并测定了脱硫率;在反应条件优化、测试方法优化、脱硫选择性等方面设置了多个开放性设计实验。该实验项目融合精细化工和石油化工方向,在促进学生知识体系跨界,全面训练综合实验技能,培养学生解决实际问题能力以及科研能力形成等方面作用明显;实验项目以模块化设置,符合"绿色实验"原则。 相似文献
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A History of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Upgrading at BP—— from Catalyst Screening Studies to Full Scale Demonstration in Alaska 下载免费PDF全文
John P. Collins Joep J. H. M. Font Freidet Barry Nay 《天然气化学杂志》2006,15(1):1-10
Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch wax into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as premium diesel has been studied over the past 15 years within BP. Catalyst screening and selection was carried out in dedicated micro-reactors and pilot plants, whose designs are critical to the performance selection. Variation in catalyst composition and defining the gas to oil feed ratios with the operating temperature are a few of the parameters studied. Product selection and maximizing diesel yield combined with stability (catalyst life) were the ultimate drivers. The selected catalyst was then tested under commercial conditions in a dedicated 300 barrel per day demonstration plant. The products were also tested in engines to assess their combustion characteristics. 相似文献
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使用浸渍法制备了一系列Co/SBA-16催化剂,并通过氮物理吸附、X射线衍射、氢程序升温还原、氢化学吸附和透射电镜技术对催化剂行了表征。研究表明,随着负载钴含量的增加,金属钴的分散度降低了,这是同Co3O4晶粒增长和比表面积降低相一致的。Co/SBA-16催化剂展示了高的一氧化碳转化率,低的C1选择性和高的C5+选择性,特别对柴油组分有高选择性。 相似文献
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Dongho Park Nak‐Kyoung Choi Sang‐Gu Lee Jungho Hwang 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2009,26(4):179-186
For this study, a 4 stage electrical low pressure impactor was designed to measure the real‐time size distribution of diesel particulate matter (DPM). For the performance evaluation, sodium chloride (NaCl) particles and dioctyl sebacate (DOS) particles were used. After evaluating the collection efficiency of each stage of the impactor, the size distributions of test particles were estimated using electrical current data and their inversion algorithm, and this was found to agree with the results obtained by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). For measurement of DPM, a common‐rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine, for engine speeds of 1,200 rpm and 1,500 rpm at 2.7 kgf·m, was used. Therefore, it was found that the size distribution of the DPM could be easily obtained, with the currents measured by the impactor and the data inversion algorithm, in less than 5 seconds. Furthermore, the effective density of the DPM could be obtained using the calculated results and the SMPS data. 相似文献
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Biodiesel is biodegradable and nontoxic, and it significantly reduces toxic and other emissions when burned as a fuel. The advantages of biodiesel as diesel fuel are its portability, ready availability, renewability, higher combustion efficiency, non-toxicity, higher flash point, and lower sulfur and aromatic content, higher cetane number, and higher biodegradability. The major disadvantages of biodiesel are its higher viscosity, lower energy content, higher cloud point and pour point, higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, lower engine speed and power, injector coking, engine compatibility, high price, and greater engine wear. The technical disadvantages of biodiesel/fossil diesel blends include problems with fuel freezing in cold weather, reduced energy density, and degradation of fuel under storage for prolonged periods. The sources of biodiesel are vegetable oils and fats. The direct use of vegetable oils and/or oil blends is generally considered to be unsatisfactory and impractical for both direct injection and indirect type diesel engines because of their high viscosities and low volatilities injector coking and trumpet formation on the injectors, higher level of carbon deposits, oil ring sticking, and thickening and gelling of the engine lubricant oil, acid composition. Biodiesel is obtained by transesterifying triglycerides with methanol. A popular variation of the batch transesterification process which needs high alcohol/acid ratio (several separation problems and high corrosivity and toxicity) is the use of continuous stirred tank reactors in series. This continuous process is heterogeneous and is based on reactive distillation. The key factor is the selection of the right and effective solid catalyst which leads to reduction of energy consumption and investments at all. 相似文献