平行因子分析法在太湖水体三维荧光峰比值分析中的应用

以太湖水样三维荧光光谱数据为例,提出在采用平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)处理后的荧光数据中提取荧光峰强度计算荧光峰比值进行水环境分析评价的方法,较直接在水样原始荧光谱图中获取的荧光峰强度更加准确客观。天然水体中各水样间由于受荧光团复杂多样性等因素的影响,某类荧光物质荧光峰的激发发射波长位置并不是固定不变的,就同一水样而言各类荧光峰之间的相互重叠干扰也将影响到荧光峰强度和位置的准确判断。而在PARAFAC模型各因子中提取相应荧光峰值可以保证各水样间同类荧光物质荧光峰在同一位置又有效减弱同一水样中各类荧光物质荧光峰之间的相互干扰,更加高效准确的利用荧光峰比值进行水环境分析。区域差异性分析时水样因子得分比值的区域变化与原始荧光峰比值变化趋势是一致的。     

An alternating variable method for the maximal correlation problem

The maximal correlation problem (MCP) aiming at optimizing correlations between sets of variables plays an important role in many areas of statistical applications. Up to date, algorithms for the general MCP stop at solutions of the multivariate eigenvalue problem (MEP), which serves only as a necessary condition for the global maxima of the MCP. For statistical applications, the global maximizer is quite desirable. In searching the global solution of the MCP, in this paper, we propose an alternating variable method (AVM), which contains a core engine in seeking a global maximizer. We prove that (i) the algorithm converges globally and monotonically to a solution of the MEP, (ii) any convergent point satisfies a global optimal condition of the MCP, and (iii) whenever the involved matrix A is nonnegative irreducible, it converges globally to the global maximizer. These properties imply that the AVM is an effective approach to obtain a global maximizer of the MCP. Numerical testings are carried out and suggest a superior performance to the others, especially in finding a global solution of the MCP.     

Molecularly imprinted aptamers of gold nanoparticles for the enzymatic inhibition and detection of thrombin

We prepared thrombin-binding aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (TBA-Au NPs) through a molecularly imprinted (MP) approach, which provide highly efficient inhibition activity toward the polymerization of fibrinogen. Au NPs (diameter, 13 nm), 15-mer thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA(15)) with different thymidine linkers, and 29-mer thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA(29)) with different thymidine linkers (Tn) in the presence of thrombin (Thr) as a template were used to prepare MP-Thr-TBA(15)/TBA(29)-Tn-Au NPs. Thrombin molecules were then removed from Au NPs surfaces by treating with 100 mM Tris-NaOH (pH ca. 13.0) to form MP-TBA(15)/TBA(29)-Tn-Au NPs. The length of the thymidine linkers and TBA density on Au NPs surfaces have strong impact on the orientation, flexibility, and stability of MP-TBA(15)/TBA(29)-Tn-Au NPs, leading to their stronger binding strength with thrombin. MP-TBA(15)/TBA(29)-T(15)-Au NPs (ca. 42 TBA(15) and 42 TBA(29) molecules per Au NP; 15-mer thymidine on aptamer terminal) provided the highest binding affinity toward thrombin with a dissociation constant of 5.2 × 10(-11) M. As a result, they had 8 times higher anticoagulant (inhibitory) potency relative to TBA(15)/TBA(29)-T(15)-Au NPs (prepared in the absence of thrombin). We further conducted thrombin clotting time (TCT) measurements in plasma samples and found that MP-TBA(15)/TBA(29)-T(15)-Au NPs had greater anticoagulation activity relative to four commercial drugs (heparin, argatroban, hirudin, and warfarin). In addition, we demonstrated that thrombin induced the formation of aggregates from MP-TBA(15)-T(15)-Au NPs and MP-TBA(29)-T(15)-Au NPs, thereby allowing the colorimetric detection of thrombin at the nanomolar level in serum samples. Our result demonstrates that our simple molecularly imprinted approach can be applied for preparing various functional nanomaterials to control enzyme activity and targeting important proteins.     

等离子喷涂含钪氧化物阴极制备及发射特性研究

在三元碳酸盐中加入微量钪,利用大气等离子喷涂方法制备出含钪等离子喷涂氧化物阴极. 制备过程中,在三元碳酸盐原来配比基础上增加12%—22%(摩尔百分比)的碳酸钡进行混合, 并将该混合物进行造粒,在造粒过程中加入微量的钪.利用扫描电子显微镜分析了等离子喷涂材料的形态 和分布,表明符合等离子喷涂对粉末大小和形状的要求,并解决了等离子喷涂过程中钡的损失问题. 对这种新型氧化物阴极的分解排气过程进行详细分析,结果表明,排气时这种阴极比普通喷涂阴极出气少 且分解时间短.对发射性能及寿命进行测试,结果显示这种新型氧化物阴极的性能显著提高,阴极寿命延长.     

具有不同时延的多智能体系统一致性分析

针对有向加权且存在全局可达点的静态网络拓扑, 考虑了同时具有通信时延和输入时延的一阶、二阶智能体系统的运动一致性问题. 基于广义Nyquist准则与频域控制理论的方法, 分析并得到了网络中所有智能体渐进收敛到一致状态的充分条件. 通过该条件发现一致性的达到只与系统的耦合强度、智能体的输入时延以及各自的连接状态信息有关, 与通信时延无关. 但是, 通信时延的存在却要影响系统的动态特性. 仿真实验结果进一步验证了理论分析所得结论的正确性.     

基于空间伸缩结构的参数可控的混沌Hash函数

结合并行Hash函数和多混沌的设计思想,提出了一种基于空间伸缩结构的参数可控的混沌Hash函数构造方法.该方法结合空间结构的伸缩特性,使用动态密钥控制消息在空间的"膨胀-收缩-置乱"方式,有效地提高了系统的混乱和扩散特性,同时使用空间并行结构在提高Hash函数安全性的同时也提高了系统的执行效率.研究结果表明:新算法的并行计算速度快,且产生的Hash序列满足均匀分布,具有更为理想的混淆与扩散特性.     

大幅提高视觉密度国家基准测量水平的方法研究

随着生物医学影像和航天军事测量的发展,对用于光学成像底片和视觉校正的视觉密度的测量范围和不确定度的要求越来越高.以自行设计的光纤半球发射器形成的复合漫射器为特征的新方案将视觉漫透射密度国家基准的光源漫射系数提高到0.945,比欧美国家基准高0.02—0.03.实验得到新基准的测量范围为0—6.0,合成不确定度为0.0015(0相似文献   

常规速调管空间功率合成微波源

基于常规速调管,研制了用于开展空间功率合成实验的微波源系统。介绍了50 MW超大功率速调管发射机的系统组成、大功率速调管、相位控制及高功率测试系统等。重点阐述了超大功率速调管发射机的关键技术,并针对超大功率发射机的设计难点提出了具体的解决方案。为提高超大功率发射机的可靠性,设计了基于绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）的感应叠加型全固态调制器。给出了超大功率发射机的测试结果,并探讨了超大功率速调管发射机的改进方法。最后对基于常规速调管,研制用于空间功率合成微波源系统的发展进行了展望。     

Dark pulse generation in a dispersion-managed fiber laser

We report an experimental observation of dark pulse generation in a dispersion-managed erbium-doped fiber laser with net anomalous cavity group-velocity dispersion. It is found that apart from the bright soliton pulses, dark pulses with spectral sidebands could be obtained in the laser under appropriate operating conditions. The generation of dark pulses may be attributed to soliton shaping in the cavity.     

Dereplication of known pregnane glycosides and structural characterization of novel pregnanes in Marsdenia tenacissima by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

In the search for novel natural products in plants, particularly those with potential bioactivity, it is important to efficiently distinguish novel compounds from previously isolated, known compounds, a process known as dereplication. In this study, electrospray ionization-multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was used to study the behaviour of 12 pregnane glycosides and genins previously isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, as a basis for dereplication of compounds in a plant extract. In addition to [M + Na](+) and [M + NH(4)](+) ions, a characteristic [M-glycosyl + H](+) ion was observed in full-scan mode with in-source fragmentation. Sequential in-trap collision-induced dissociation of [M + Na](+) ions from 11,12-diesters revealed consistent preferred losses of substituents first from C-12, then from C-11, followed by losses of monosaccharide fragments from the C-3 tri- and tetrasaccharide substituents. A crude methanol extract of M. tenacissima stems was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ESI-MS. Several previously isolated pregnane glycosides were dereplicated, and the presence of an additional nine novel pregnane glycosides is predicted on the basis of the primary and fragment ions observed, including two with a previously unreported C(4)H(7)O C-11/C-12 substituent of pregnane glycosides. This study is the first report of prediction of the structures of novel pregnane glycosides in a crude plant extract by a combination of in-source fragmentation and in-trap collision-induced dissociation and supports the usefulness of LC-ESI-MS(n) not only for dereplication of active compounds in extracts of medicinal plants but also for detecting the presence of novel related compounds.