透明塑料盒上的显色偏振

依据显色偏振、布鲁斯特角等原理详细解释了透明塑料盒上彩色条纹的形成过程,并进行实验验证,排除了薄膜干涉、色散、散射等其他理论解释.     

离子对反相高效液相色谱法同时测定尿液中复方α-酮酸片的5种有效成分

建立了同时测定尿液中复方α-酮酸片5种有效成分(消旋羟蛋氨酸钙(HMACa)、酮缬氨酸钙(KVCa)、消旋酮异亮氨酸钙(KILCa)、酮亮氨酸钙(KLCa)和酮苯丙氨酸钙(KPACa))的离子对反相高效液相色谱法。分别考察了离子对试剂浓度、缓冲盐浓度和流动相pH值等参数对分离情况的影响。最终采用Waters Symmetry C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈和含15 mmol/L四丁基氢氧化铵的20 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为35℃;检测波长为210 nm。在上述条件下,5种有效成分得到很好的分离,并且不受尿液中内源性基质的干扰,在20~200 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 0);HMACa、KVCa、KILCa、KLCa和KPACa的检出限(S/N=3)分别为3.0、5.0、3.6、5.7和2.5 mg/L;定量限(S/N=10)分别为9.6、16.7、12.0、19.0和8.3 mg/L;日间、日内精密度均小于7%;平均回收率在86.79%~112.00%之间,RSD小于9%(n=5)。该方法准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于尿液中这5种有效成分的检测。     

松木-聚氯乙烯复合材料催化热解特性的研究

通过热重法研究了松木与聚氯乙烯复合材料的催化热解特性,结果表明聚氯乙烯脱氯阶段与松木的纤维素、半纤维素热分解阶段温度区间重合,二者共热解时存在协同效应,并且HCl的释放对纤维素的脱水反应能够产生催化作用,HCl释放也对木质素的热分解及碳化反应有着明显的催化作用,导致二者共热解制备的碳化物产率提高,约为29.61%。并且利用元素分析仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪对成碳材料进行表征分析,结果表明成碳材料表面粗糙呈现多孔结构,其碳元素含量较高达到74.67%。     

化学法改性煤沥青脱除苯并芘的研究

在管式反应器中采用苯甲酸、聚乙二醇、固体古马隆树脂（S）、液体古马隆树脂（L）为添加剂来降低煤沥青中有害物质苯并芘的含量，以期使得煤沥青可绿色化应用。采用紫外-可见分光光度计分析煤沥青中苯并芘含量。考察了反应温度、反应时间、添加剂添加量、催化剂等工艺条件对添加剂脱除煤沥青中苯并芘的影响。结果表明，不同工艺条件能降低煤沥青中苯并芘的含量。在优化条件下，不同添加剂对苯并芘脱除率由高到低依次为：液体古马隆树脂、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸和固体古马隆树脂。分析其反应机理，这与催化剂的酸性相关，发生亲电取代反应。结果表明，液体古马隆树脂（L）在催化剂存在下对煤沥青中苯并芘脱除率可达73.0%，显示了良好的应用前景。     

基于化学学科认知障碍突破的中考复习教学实践* ——以“二氧化碳的性质”为例

分析学生对二氧化碳的3个典型学科认知障碍,以“二氧化碳的捕捉”为情境,通过“尝试捕捉二氧化碳”“谁在捕捉二氧化碳”“捕捉背后的原理”等3个主要环节,实现对学科认知障碍的突破,展示了一种新的中考复习教学思路。     

基于深度学习的ELM实时识别研究

基于深度学习的方法，在HL-2A装置上开发出了一套边缘局域模(ELM)实时识别算法。算法使用5200次放电数据(约24.19万数据切片)进行学习，得到一个深度为22层的卷积神经网络。为衡量算法的识别能力，识别了HL-2A装置自2009年实现稳定ELMy H模放电以来所有历史数据(约26000次放电数据)，共识别出1665次H模放电，其中误识别35次，误报率为2.10%。在实际的1634次H模放电中，漏识别4次，漏识别率为0.24%。该误报率和漏报率可以满足ELM实时识别的精度要求。识别算法在实时控制环境下，对单个时间点的平均计算时间为0.46ms，可以满足实时控制的计算速度要求。     

Surface of room temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] studied by polarization- and experimental configuration-dependent sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface.     

QEPAS系统中石英音叉模态仿真计算与研究

对石英音叉增强型光声光谱(QEPAS)系统中常用的石英音叉进行了有限元模态计算，获得石英音叉前6阶振型与模态频率，认知了第4阶对称摆动振型为有效振动，利用单因素法分析了石英音叉的音臂长度l₁、音臂宽度w₁、音臂厚度t、音臂切角θ、音臂圆孔直径d及音臂圆孔高度h对低阶有效共振频率(Fre)的影响，敏感度依次为： l₁> w₁>d>θ>t>h，考虑实际设计情形，筛选出了l₁，w₁，d与h四个石英音叉设计变量，采用Box-Behnken实验设计方案与RSM(response surface methodology)方法，以Fre为函数目标，建立l₁，w₁，d与h的二次回归响应面模型，得到了参数之间的交互作用，利用Design-Expert软件对响应面模型进行设计参数反求，结果表明，在15 000 Hz≤Fre≤25 000 Hz计算区域内误差较小，基本满足QEPAS系统的计算需求，所提出的研究与设计方法具有一定通用性，可为QEPAS系统中石英音叉结构参数设计提供参考。     

Surface of Ru/Fe2O3 catalysts used in water-gas shift reaction studied by auger electron spectrometry

Summary Carbon deposits on the surface ofRu/Fe₂O₃ catalysts used in the water-gas shift reaction have been investigated by Auger Electron Spectrometry. A correlation has been found between the thickness of the carbon deposit and the catalytic activity in WGSR. The carbon deposit covers the metallic active centers and blocks their contact with reagents. The dotting of the iron oxide support with sodium has been found to reduce the amount of carbon deposit. .      

Temperature effects on surface activity and application in oxidation of toluene derivatives of CTAB-SDS with KMnO4

The γ_cmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS. Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives by increasing the contact between two reacting phases.