稀疏正则化:Gauss-Seidel阈值迭代算法

本文考虑一类稀疏正则化问题,该类问题在机器学习、信号处理和图像处理等众多领域中被广泛研究.此类问题的一个典型特征是其诱导的阈值函数具有跳跃的不连续性.本文提出一种基于GaussSeidel的迭代算法,称作Gauss-Seidel跳跃阈值迭代算法(Gauss-Seidel iterative jumping thresholding algorithm,GSIJT),用以快速解决以上问题.本文首先证明了由GSIJT所产生序列的支撑与符号的有限收敛性.基于此收敛性质,同时利用restricted Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz(rKL)性质给出GSIJT算法的全局收敛性.此外给出了GSIJT的收敛率,并且证明了任意的极限点都是驻点.本文实施了一系列的数值实验来验证所提算法的有效性.特别地,通过与相关的阈值迭代算法进行比较,表明所提算法不仅收敛更快,同时可选择的步长范围更宽.     

Optimized quantum singular value thresholding algorithm based on a hybrid quantum computer

Quantum singular value thresholding (QSVT) algorithm, as a core module of many mathematical models, seeks the singular values of a sparse and low rank matrix exceeding a threshold and their associated singular vectors. The existing all-qubit QSVT algorithm demands lots of ancillary qubits, remaining a huge challenge for realization on nearterm intermediate-scale quantum computers. In this paper, we propose a hybrid QSVT (HQSVT) algorithm utilizing both discrete variables (DVs) and continuous variables (CVs). In our algorithm, raw data vectors are encoded into a qubit system and the following data processing is fulfilled by hybrid quantum operations. Our algorithm requires O[log(MN)] qubits with O(1) qumodes and totally performs O(1) operations, which significantly reduces the space and runtime consumption.     

Research on lenses assemble precision in complicate laser amplification system

In a certain amplification system, signal laser can be amplified from 1 nJ to 5 J. To realize a high quality imaging transfer, meet beam diameter expansion requirement, and get good filtering effects, three spatial filters are designed and assembled. Lenses in these spatial filters can be assembled and adjusted by their reflection spots to meet wave-front requirements. In this letter, we analyze precision of the assembling, and make a ray-tracing simulation to discuss the relation between assembling precision and lenses parameters. On the optimized distance of 1000 mm, adjusting precision of lens tilt can reach 5 mrad.     

焊后热处理对聚变堆用奥氏体不锈钢MAG焊焊缝金属冲击韧性的影响

After heat treatment of metal active gas arc welding (MAG weld) joints of 316LN austenitic stainless steel for fusion reactor at different temperatures, Charpy impact test at liquid nitrogen temperature was carried out. The effects of heat treatment temperature on microstructure, fracture morphology and precipitates were studied with optical microscope, SEM and EDS analysis. Results indicated that the impact toughness of weld metal could be significantly improved by 873K heat treatment. However, with the rising of heat treatment temperature, the precipitates were generated gradually along the grain boundary and a gradual decrease of toughness occurred as well. All fracture was ductile. The dimple became shallow and less with the increase of temperature. Spherical and irregular precipitates were found at the bottom of the dimple. The spherical precipitates generated during welding were free from the influence of the heat treatment, and the irregular precipitates increased with the rising of temperature. High content of Mo in filler materials led to a great segregation of Mo at the grain boundary, which would promote the precipitation of σ phase. Impact toughness of weld metal decreased significantly when continuous distribution of σ phase formed at grain boundary.     

粘质沙雷氏菌对重钇稀土离子的生物吸附

从赣南重钇稀土矿区分离到了一株对重钇稀土离子吸附能力强的菌株,它对重钇稀土离子吸附量达到了223 mg·g~(-1)干重,初步鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌。粘质沙雷氏菌对重钇稀土离子生物吸附动力学结果表明吸附过程中存在粒内扩散,但是粒内扩散不是生物吸附限速步骤。粘质沙雷氏菌吸附重钇稀土离子的最适吸附条件为:pH=5.5,稀土离子初始浓度为250 mg·L~(-1),菌体浓度为20 mg(干重)·L~(-1),吸附时间为1 h。     

硫酸化氧化锆负载的Ru单原子催化甲烷直接转化制甲醇（英文）

天然气作为一种低碳清洁能源,其储量大、价格低、热值高,被认为是最有前途的石油替代资源之一.甲烷是天然气的主要成分,直接转化为甲醇是有效利用甲烷的一种途径,也是一个极具挑战性的课题.一方面,甲烷的C-H键(439.3 kJ·mol^-1)强度非常高,活化十分困难;另一方面,在反应条件下,甲醇等产物比甲烷更容易被氧化,从而导致目标产物的选择性不高.因此,设计高效催化剂是解决该难题的有效途径之一.研究(J. Catal., 1993, 144.238-253和Catal. Today, 2021, 365,71-79)发现,硫酸化的氧化锆(SZ)负载的贵金属(例如Pt等)等超强酸催化剂能够促进甲烷在脱氢芳构化反应中的活化.受该工作启发,本文通过模拟均相催化设计了固体超强酸负载的Ru单原子催化剂(SAC),并在温和条件(70 ℃)下将其用于甲烷直接转化制甲醇反应.结果发现,在Ru/SZSAC上的含氧化合物(CH₃OH, CH₃OOH和HCOOH)收率(18.32 μmol,≥80 h^-1)显著超过SZ(0.6...     

甲醛的铂微粒修饰玻碳电极伏安法测定

采用电化学沉积法制备了铂微粒修饰玻碳电极(Pt/GCE).通过循环伏安法研究了甲醛在该电极上的电化学行为,并优化了实验参数,在此基础上建立了一种伏安法直接测定甲醛的方法.在酸性溶液中,甲醛的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),检出限为5.0 μmol/L,回收率为96%～104%,相对标准偏差为4.0%～4.5%.     

Eu3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶的制备及光催化降解部分水解聚丙烯酰胺

以四异丙氧基钛(TTIP)为钛源, 采用溶胶-凝胶及水热合成方法, 制备了不同Eu3+含量的TiO2纳米晶催化剂, 运用载射线衍射谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪等手段对催化剂晶型、微晶尺寸、表面状态、组成及光学性能进行表征.结果表明, 所制备的样品均为锐钛矿型纳米晶, 粒子尺寸在9 nm左右, 铕以Eu2O3的形式存在于TiO2的晶格间隙. 在紫外光条件下降解部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM), 通过比较Eu3+的不同掺杂量对催化活性的影响, 得出Eu3+的最佳掺杂量为2.4%(w), 矿化率最终可达67%. 通过液质联机测定HPAM降解的中间产物, 推断了Eu3+/TiO2降解HPAM的机理.     

大角度直下式LED背光透镜的设计

液晶显示领域不断提出缩减成本方案,对于液晶电视LED背光系统,提出了一种大角度背光透镜设计方案,即在目标接收屏面具有较大照度辐射角度的背光透镜设计。采用特定的双自由曲面设计,入光孔设置为类椭圆型结构面将光源出射的光通量进行等角度划分,根据接收屏面的理想照度分布与入光孔每一角度出射光通量对应关系计算出出光面自由曲线。借助底部微结构处理,再根据模具及产品成型要求补全外观结构,得到符合设计指标的方案,有效地解决了因增大角度引起的黄斑问题,并达到目标接受面均匀度的要求。针对32英寸（81 cm）的液晶电视背光模组,采用12颗最大正向电流为350 mA的LED灯珠,在模组高度为30 mm的系统中,设计的背光透镜模组达到了要求的亮度及均匀度。     

组合式简易实验装置的多种用途

1.实验仪器 200-250毫升的抽滤瓶1个,分液漏斗1个,横孔试管2—3个,250毫升的烧杯1个,带暗孔的单孔胶塞1个。