LED背光显示器对不同年龄人视网膜照度、节律效应和蓝光危害的影响

研究了视网膜照度、节律效应和蓝光危害随年龄的变化规律.采用光谱仪测量了4款常见发光二极管背光显示器显示白色和蓝色时的归一化光谱分布,然后结合不同年龄人眼的晶状体透射谱,计算了视网膜照度因子、节律因子和蓝光危害能效因子,得到三者与年龄的变化规律.研究表明:对于同一发光二极管背光显示器,视网膜照度因子、节律因子和蓝光危害能效因子均随年龄的增加而显著减小;同一人眼的视网膜照度因子随显示器类型的变化较小;对于年轻人,不同类型显示器的蓝光危害能效因子和节律因子差异明显,特别是显示蓝色时,但是,对于老年人,不同类型显示器的蓝光危害能效因子和节律因子差异较小.     

Crystal growth and spectral properties of Tb:Lu_2O_3

The crystal growth,x-ray diffraction pattern,absorption spectrum,emission spectrum,and fluorescence lifetime of a Tb:Lu_2O_3 single crystal were studied.Excited at 483 nm,the peak absorption cross-section was calculated to be 3.5×10~(-22)cm~2,and the full width at half maximum was found to be 2.85 nm.The Judd-Ofelt(J-O)intensity parameters ?_2,?_4,and ?_6 were computed to be 3.79×10~(-20)cm~2,1.30×10~(-20)cm~2,and 1.08×10~(-20)cm~2,with a spectroscopic quality factor ?_4/?_6 being 1.20.The emission cross-sections of green emission around 543 nm and yellow emission around 584 nm were calculated to be 9.43×10~(-22)cm~2 and 1.32×10~(-22)cm~2,respectively.The fluorescence lifetimeτexp of ~5D_4 was fitted to be 1.13 ms.The data suggest that the Tb:Lu_2O_3 crystal could be a potential candidate for green and yellow laser operation.     

同质材料反射系统热特性研究

为从原理上阐述同质材料反射系统的温度特性，并为光学系统设计提供依据。以热变形特征及其计算方法为基础，以光学系统焦点为研究对象，依次介绍单反射镜、共轴多反、离轴反射系统的温度特性，并建立了相应热差模型。仿真结果表明，离轴三反系统后焦距随温度的变化情况与对应镜筒的热变形量完全一致，其在较大温差范围内具有良好的成像质量。由温度变化引起的热离焦可被镜筒补偿，验证了理论模型的正确性，得出在均匀温度场条件下同质材料反射系统无热差的结论。因此，当光学系统尤其是热差效应明显的红外系统采用同质材料反射系统时具有良好的温度适应性。     

Dynamical Evolution of an Effective Two-Level System with PT Symmetry

We investigate the dynamics of parity-and time-reversal(PT) symmetric two-energy-level atoms in the presence of two optical and one radio-frequency fields. The strength and relative phase of fields can drive the system from the unbroken to the broken PT symmetric regions. Compared with the Hermitian model, Rabi-type oscillation is still observed, and the oscillation characteristics are also adjusted by the strength and relative phase in the region of the unbroken symmetry. At the exception point, the oscillation breaks down. To better understand the underlying properties we study the effective Bloch dynamics and find that the emergence of the PT components of the fixed points is the feature of the PT symmetry breaking and the projections in the x–y plane can be controlled with high flexibility compared with the standard two-level system with the PT symmetry. It helps to study the dynamic behavior of the complex PT symmetric model.     

等效原理与双生子问题

爱因斯坦等效原理是广义相对论的基石,引力场的钟慢效应和引力红移效应是等效原理的两个基本推论;双生子问题属于狭义相对论的范畴.等效原理与双生子问题间的联系在相对论的教学中常被忽视.文章基于爱因斯坦等效原理,将匀加速系统与一个均匀引力场等效起来,详细地推导出引力场的钟慢效应,并证明了与之本质相同的引力红移效应;最后根据等效原理的这些基本推论在广义相对论框架下讨论了双生子问题,并用一个清晰的物理图像给出了双生子问题的广义相对论解释.     

油水两相流质量流量小波网络软测量模型研究

在工业过程中,油水两相流的测量非常重要.本文研究了一种油水质量流量的软测量方法.此方法采用V型内锥测量油水两相流差压信号,构建了一个多输入单输出的自适应小波网络用于逼近油水两相流质量流量模型,实现总质量流量的软测量.研究重点是均相的油水两相流在水平管道中的质量流量测量.实验结果表明,结合V型内锥差压测量和自适应小波神经网络的软测量方法可以应用于均相的油水两相流的总质量流量测量,测量误差较小.     

Structural and Electrical Properties of Single Crystalline Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

High-quality Ga-doped ZnO （ZnO：Ga） single crystalline films with various Ga concentrations are grown on a- plane sapphire substrates using molecular-beam epitaxy. The site configuration of doped Ga atoms is studied by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. It is found that nearly all Ga can substitute into ZnO lattice as electrically active donors, a generating high density of free carriers with about one electron per Ga dopant when the Ga concentration is no more than 2%. However, further increasing the Ga doping concentration leads to a decrease of the conductivity due to partial segregation of Ga atoms to the minor phase of the spinel ZnGa2O4 or other intermediate phase. It seems that the maximum solubility of Ga in the ZnO single crystalline film is about 2at.% and the lowest resistivity can reach 1.92 ×10-4Ω·cm at room temperature, close to the best value reported. In contrast to ZnO：Ga thin film with 1% or 2% Ga doping, the film with 4% Ga doping exhibits a metal semiconductor transition at 80 K. The scattering mechanism of conducting electrons in single crystalline ZnO：Ga thin film is discussed.     

PEO／V2O5复合薄膜中Li^＋的位置与电子结构研究

采用自洽场离散变分Xα（SCC-DV-Xα）方法对纯V2O5及夹层V2O5的能带结构、态密度、键强度、电子集居数等进行了研究，结果表明，Li^ 引入V2O5层间的最佳位置在在双键氧之下（或之上），且靠近层的中心位置，此时它与周围原子间的作用力非常微弱，并且材料的导电性增强，使夹层复合材料Li^ 注入／脱出具有很好的可逆性和较好的光学性质。     

大跨度双曲屋盖结构表面风驱雨压力分布研究

强风来临时常常伴有强降雨,雨滴在风荷载的作用下会对结构产生较大的撞击力,并产生了风驱雨作用,加剧了结构所受荷载。但荷载规范中对大跨度屋盖结构的抗风雨设计值尚未给出明确规定。本文采用数值模拟的欧拉-欧拉方法,研究了正方形、矩形、圆形、椭圆形等四种常见大跨度双曲屋盖表面在风驱雨作用下的平均压力分布,并与已有风荷载作用的风洞实验结果进行了对比。研究发现:风雨作用下最不利双曲屋盖投影形状为正方形,其次为矩形;在风雨联合作用下双曲屋盖表面平均压力受到雨压力、风吸力、风压力共同作用,且都是屋盖前端处平均压力系数较大,变化梯度较大。研究得到了不同双曲屋盖风驱雨作用下的平均压力系数及其变化规律,为类似结构的抗风雨设计提供了参考。