Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma bicyclol by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Bicyclol is a synthetic drug widely used to treat chronic hepatitis B. This study aimed to develop a selective, sensitive and high‐throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the detection of bicyclol in human plasma. Bicyclol was detected using a multiple reaction monitoring mode, with ammonium adduct ions (m/z 408.2) as the precursor ion and the [M‐CH₃]⁺ ion (m/z 373.1) subjected to demethylation as the product ion. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zobax Eclipse XDB‐C₁₈ column with a gradient elution and a mobile phase of 2 mm ammonium formate and acetonitrile. Bicyclol was extracted from plasma matrix by precipitation. A linear detection response was obtained for bicyclol ranging from 0.500 to 240 ng/mL, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.500 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were all ≤7.4%, and the accuracies were within ±6.0%. The extraction recovery was >95.9%, and the matrix effects were between 96.0% and 108%. Bicyclol was found to be unstable in human plasma at room temperature, but the degradation was minimized by conducting sample collection and preparation in an ice bath. The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of bicyclol tablets in six healthy Chinese volunteers.     

甲型H1N1流感的死亡率高吗——Bayes计量分析框架下的建模与估算

在全球甲型H1N1流感大流行背景下,本文在充分考虑各国甲流感死亡率可能存在个体混合效应、独立效应、相关效应及空间相关效应基础上,运用Bayes计量分析框架下的模型选择标准确定描述各国甲流感死亡率的最优模型,并基于该模型对不同国家甲流感死亡率进行估算。结果显示:个体独立、空间相关效应模型能很好拟合各国甲流感疫情统计数据,利用该模型估算的全球甲流感平均死亡率为0.577%。     

应用化学综合创新实验:铜纳米粒子催化硝基化合物还原反应的设计*

以较前沿的科研成果为基础设计了一个针对应用化学专业本科生的综合创新性实验--铜纳米粒子制备及催化硝基化合物还原反应的性能测试。实验内容包括一定粒径大小的铜纳米粒子的制备及表征,铜纳米粒子催化硝基芳烃还原的研究及催化剂的循环使用次数的考察等。本实验不仅可以锻炼学生的基本实验操作技能,同时训练学生对涉及到的仪器测试及结果进行合理分析,有助于提高学生的实验兴趣及动手能力,对培养学生的创新意识和团队协作精神也大有裨益。     

CO2-3掺杂纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的合成与表征

CO2-3掺杂是提高纳米羟基磷灰石（n-HA）生物活性的有效方法之一。以 Ca（NO3）2·4H2O 和Na3PO4·12H2O为主要原料，Na2CO3作为CO2-3来源，合成纳米碳羟基磷灰石（n-CHA）晶体。采用TEM ， XRD ，FTIR ，RS对合成晶体形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明：合成的n-HA晶体长度约为60～80 nm ，宽度在20～30 nm之间，形状为针状，具有良好的结晶度，与自然骨磷灰石形貌相似；n-CHA晶体随CO2-3掺入量的增加，结晶度降低；合成的 n-CHA晶体的晶胞参数 a值随着CO2-3加入量的增大不断收缩，但 c值增大，参数比c/a值增大，符合B型取代（取代PO3-4）的晶胞参数变化规律。红外谱图中，872 cm -1附近出现AB混合型取代（同时取代O H -，PO3-4）的CO2-3面外弯曲振动特征红外峰，同时CO2-3的不对称伸缩振动红外峰在1454和1420 cm -1附近出现分裂峰，1540 cm -1附近出现弱CO2-3峰；1122 cm -1附近出现CO2-3对称伸缩振动拉曼峰，1071 cm -1附近出现CO2-3的B型替代特征拉曼峰，通过计算PO3-4，CO2-3，O H -拉曼峰的积分面积比PO3-4/CO2-3，O H -/CO23，PO3-4/O H -，表明CO2-3在替换时，先以B型为主，随着CO2-3掺入量的增加，发生A型替代（取代O H -）。实验结果表明，合成的磷灰石晶体为B型取代（取代PO3-4）为主的AB混合型取代的 n-CHA。与人骨磷灰石晶体在形态、尺寸、晶体结构和生长方式上具有相似性，可称为类骨磷灰石。     

Properties of Absorbent Acrylic Foam Prepared Based on the Method of High Internal Phase Emulsion

Acrylate and methacrylate monomers absorbent acrylate foams were prepared based on the method of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). The influence of reaction conditions on liquid absorption by acrylate foams was studied. The reaction conditions included monomer ratio, cross-linker amount, initiator amount, emulsifier amount, emulsion concentration, emulsification temperature, and the curing time. The reaction conditions were determined to achieve the best liquid absorption by acrylate foams. Acrylate foams were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that when the monomer ratio was 9:1, cross-linking agent was 30% of monomer amount, initiator amount was 4% of the reactants amount, emulsifier amount was 8% of the reactants amount, the ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase was 32:1, emulsification temperature was 75°C, and curing time was 1.5 h, we could prepare the acrylate foam material with the best liquid absorption. Reaction of monomer and cross-linking agent was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The pore sizes of acrylate foam were between 1 μm and 8 μm according to SEM analysis. This material was very suitable to absorb aqueous fluids.     

线性分数阶强迫振动的稳态响应

利用分数阶导数算子-∞D_t~β研究线性分数阶振动系统在谐波激励下的稳态响应.采用复指数函数形式的谐波激励,利用待定函数法得到与激励同频率的稳态响应,以及幅频关系和相频关系.讨论了分数阶导数项对刚度和阻尼的影响.     

Ⅱ型TiO2/g-C3N4异质结的构筑促进高效光催化U(Ⅵ)还原

采用水热法将TiO₂纳米片修饰在中空管状g-C₃N₄上制备了TiO₂/g-C₃N₄(T-CN)复合催化剂。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和光电流响应等对其形貌、结构和光物理性能进行了表征。结果表明,TiO₂纳米片均匀地分散在中空管状g-C₃N₄表面,两者紧密结合形成异质结。TiO₂与g-C₃N₄的质量比为20%时制得的T-CN-20复合催化剂在60 min内对U (Ⅵ)的去除率为85.64%,是纯相g-C₃N₄的6.7倍。在10倍高浓度阳离子共存条件下的去除率仍大于69.8%,且具有优良的结构稳定性。对光催化产物分析可知,T-CN将U (Ⅵ)还原为难溶的U (Ⅳ)(63.68%)以去除铀,可有效解决含铀核废水中的U (Ⅵ)污染问题。根据能带理论分析,提出了复合催化剂异质结的Ⅱ型光催化机理。     

多级孔NiMo负载TS-1分子筛催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫性能

钛硅(TS-1)分子筛的微孔孔道严重限制了其在复杂分子催化转化中的应用,为了克服这一问题,通过酸洗脱、碱刻蚀及二者相结合的方法制备了多级孔 TS-1 分子筛,并采用等体积共浸渍法制备了相应的 NiMo 负载型催化剂;使用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)等方法对多级孔TS-1分子筛的理化性质进行了表征;以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为探针对催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价。结果表明,和常规TS-1分子筛相比,多级孔TS-1分子筛保持了MFI拓扑结构,比表面积增大且具有介孔结构,分子筛表面形成了适量的Brønsted酸中心;相应催化剂上活性金属与载体间相互作用得以改善,MoS₂片晶长度和堆垛层数适宜,形成了更多的 NiMoS活性相;催化剂活性和选择性均有所提升,尤其是酸洗脱获得的 NiMo/AT-TS-1催化剂的活性相较未经处理的NiMo/TS-1催化剂提升了1.2倍,直接脱硫(DDS)路径选择性提升了22%。     

纳米CoSe修饰氮掺杂多孔碳的可控制备及其锂硫电池多硫化物的催化转化效应

锂硫电池中较差的循环稳定性和倍率性能是实现锂硫电池商业化的技术障碍,其主要原因之一是多硫化物在硫电极内的电化学转化动力学较为缓慢。为此,我们以ZIF-9为前驱体,采用先碳化,再酸化刻蚀,最后硒化的方法合成了含少量催化剂的CoSe修饰氮掺杂多孔碳(CoSe/NC)电极材料,以期提高硫电极内多硫化物的电化学转化动力学性能,并通过流动液相三电极体系对该材料进行电化学动力学表征。结果显示,相较于对比材料,CoSe/NC能够加快多硫化物的氧化还原反应速率,在 0.2mA·cm^-2电流密度下,多硫化物氧化还原反应在CoSe/NC电极上有最小的反应过电位;同时,在0.1 V过电位下,各氧化还原反应也有最大的响应电流。因此,将 CoSe/NC作为硫宿主材料组装电池展现了优异的电化学性能：在 1C(1C=1 675 mA·g^-1)下初始放电比容量为1 068 mAh·g^-1,经过500次循环后,可逆容量仍保持在693 mAh·g^-1。另外,在3C的高电流密度下,放电比容量可高达819 mAh·g^-1。