固相萃取-气质联用测定水环境中痕量多环麝香

建立了固相萃取-气质联用法测定水中佳乐麝香(HHCB)和吐纳麝香(AHTN)这两种主要的多环麝香的方法.利用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱预处理水样,通过对固相萃取条件的优化,得出了最佳实验条件:洗脱溶剂为正己烷,洗脱体积为10mL,水样中添加体积分数0.5%甲醇作为有机改性剂,控制上样流速为5～10mL/min,洗脱速率为0.5～2mL/min.该方法线性相关性好,相对标准偏差在1.67%～5.48%之间,对两种多环麝香的方法检测限均为0.025μg/L.利用该方法对污水处理厂进出水中多环麝香进行测定,佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香的去除率分别为61.3%和51.6%.     

人工合成麝香的分析方法及环境污染现状

人工合成麝香作为天然麝香的替代物被大量用于日化产品中,按其化学结构可分为硝基麝香、多环麝香和大环麝香3种。人工合成麝香的大量生产及广泛使用使之通过各种途径进入环境,而该物质亲脂性和持久性的特点,导致其在生物体内积累并产生毒理效应,故引起了广泛关注,成为一类新型污染物。该文综述了目前人工合成麝香的分类、环境污染现状及不同基体样品的分析检测方法,为今后合成麝香的风险评价研究提供参考。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-串接质谱法测定化妆品中的人工合成硝基麝香类化合物

建立了一种用于不同化妆品中5种硝基麝香含量的气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用检测方法。化妆品中的硝基麝香通过丙酮/正己烷混合液超声提取,提取液经过浓缩,以CNWBOND Si固相萃取柱净化。再由气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪检测,氘代二甲苯麝香内标法定量。该方法对化妆品中5种硝基麝香的加标回收率在85.81%～104.92%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于5.75%,检测限分别达到2.0～10.0μg/kg。方法选择性好,能有效消除复杂基体干扰,可作为常见化妆品中硝基麝香类化合物含量检测的确证方法。     

多重吸附同步净化-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定水产品中痕量的二甲苯麝香和酮麝香

为了考察水产品中二甲苯麝香和酮麝香的残留量,建立了水产品中痕量二甲苯麝香和酮麝香测定的多重吸附同步净化（MASP）-气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）。以乙腈高速匀浆提取样品,应用MASP方法对样品同时进行提取、盐析和净化,并采用GC-MS在选择离子监测（SIM）模式下测定水产品中的痕量二甲苯麝香和酮麝香,以基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。选用DB-5 MS石英毛细管柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）,采用电子轰击电离源,二甲苯麝香的选择监测离子为m/z 282、297、265,酮麝香为m/z 279、294、191。结果表明：在优化条件下,二甲苯麝香和酮麝香在1~100 μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数不低于0.999,检出限（S/N=3）为0.30 μg/kg。明虾、花蛤和鳗鱼空白样品中1.0、2.0、10.0 μg/kg 3个添加水平下二甲苯麝香和酮麝香的加标回收率为79%~104%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.6%~13.3%。本方法具有操作简便、快速、准确的特点,可用于水产品中痕量二甲苯麝香和酮麝香的日常检测。     

气相色谱-负化学源-三重四极杆质谱法测定化妆品中的硝基麝香类化合物

建立了一种用于不同化妆品中5种硝基麝香含量的气相色谱-负化学离子源三重四极杆质谱联用(GC-MS/MS)检测方法。采用丙酮/正己烷混合溶液超声提取化妆品中的硝基麝香,将提取液浓缩,以CNWBOND Si固相萃取柱净化。再由GC-MS/MS检测,氘代二甲苯麝香内标法定量。该方法对化妆品中5种硝基麝香的加标回收率为85.81%～103.77%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于5.32%,灵敏度高,定量限为50.0～500 ng/kg;选择性好,能有效消除复杂基体干扰。可作为常见化妆品中硝基麝香类化合物含量检测的确证方法。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时快速检测环境水样中11种合成麝香

应用气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)建立了环境水样中佳乐、吐纳、特拉斯、开许梅龙、萨利、粉檀、二甲苯、麝香酮、伞花、葵子、西藏11种典型的合成麝香(Synthetic Musks)的同时快速检测方法。采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱、乙酸乙酯为洗脱液对水样进行预处理。在最优条件下,目标物线性范围均为0.05~10ng/L(R2为0.995~0.999),回收率为83.9%~112.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%~9.9%。该方法具有检测限低、回收率高等优点,经实际样品测试,可适用于环境水样中上述11种典型合成麝香的同时检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定进口海产品中11种合成麝香

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定进口海产品中11种合成麝香（开司米木、萨利麝香、粉檀麝香、葵子麝香、特斯拉、佳乐麝香、二甲苯麝香、吐纳麝香、伞花麝香、西藏麝香和麝香酮）。样品经正己烷提取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,内标法定量。目标物在0.001~0.1 mg/L内呈良好的线性相关,相关系数（r²）均大于0.990,方法检出限（信噪比（S/N）>3）为0.35~2.08μg/kg,定量限（S/N>10）为1.18~5.00μg/kg。分别在空白基质中添加低、中、高3个水平的标准品进行回收试验,平均回收率为83.1%~117%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为5.1%~8.5%。利用该方法对2017年上海口岸进口的30个海产品进行了筛查,发现佳乐麝香在93.3%的被测样品中均有检出,含量最高达3.82μg/kg。葵子麝香和伞花麝香也是检出较多的麝香品种,含量最高分别可达15.4μg/kg和10.5μg/kg。该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,适用于海产品中多种合成麝香残留物的筛查和确证。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定进口海产品中11种合成麝香（英文）

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定进口海产品中11种合成麝香(开司米木、萨利麝香、粉檀麝香、葵子麝香、特斯拉、佳乐麝香、二甲苯麝香、吐纳麝香、伞花麝香、西藏麝香和麝香酮)。样品经正己烷提取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,内标法定量。目标物在0.001～0.1 mg/L内呈良好的线性相关,相关系数(r 2)均大于0.990,方法检出限(信噪比(S/N)3)为0.35～2.08μg/kg,定量限(S/N10)为1.18～5.00μg/kg。分别在空白基质中添加低、中、高3个水平的标准品进行回收试验,平均回收率为83.1%～117%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为5.1%～8.5%。利用该方法对2017年上海口岸进口的30个海产品进行了筛查,发现佳乐麝香在93.3%的被测样品中均有检出,含量最高达3.82μg/kg。葵子麝香和伞花麝香也是检出较多的麝香品种,含量最高分别可达15.4μg/kg和10.5μg/kg。该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,适用于海产品中多种合成麝香残留物的筛查和确证。     

微波辅助萃取气相色谱质谱法测定土壤、底泥及植物样品中的多环麝香

建立了土壤、底泥及植物样品中佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香的分析方法.采用30 mL混合溶剂(正己烷:丙酮,V:V=1∶1)于120 ℃微波萃取装置上萃取20 min,萃取液浓缩后经硅胶及活性炭/硅胶复合柱净化,二氯甲烷洗脱,洗脱液浓缩定容后用GC-MS-SIM进行检测.实验结果表明,佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香的线性范围为10～1000 ...     

化妆品及香精中27种香料的气相色谱-质谱检测方法

建立了气相色谱-质谱同时检测化妆品及香精中27种香料的方法。采用甲醇作为提取溶剂，经弱极性毛细管柱分离，用气相色谱-质谱检测，离子源为电子轰击离子（EI）源。该方法对麝香二甲苯、羟基香茅醛和羟异己基3-环己烯基甲醛的检出限分别为1.2、15和15 mg/kg，其余香料的检出限为3.0 mg/kg。27种香料在相应的线性范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于等于0.996。在3个加标浓度下，麝香二甲苯的回收率为73.3%~76.1%，其余为81.5%~118%，相对标准偏差小于10%。采用建立的方法对69份香精或标示含香料化妆品进行检测，全部样品都检测出含有一种或多种香料。该方法适用于化妆品及香精中27种香料的测定。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。