同步荧光光谱法测定蜂蜜中游离氨基酸

在乙酸盐缓冲介质中,氨基酸与乙酰丙酮及甲醛反应生成发出黄绿色荧光的化合物N-取代-2,6-二甲基-3,5-二乙酰基-1,4-二氢吡啶,基于此反应提出了测定蜂蜜中游离氨基酸的方法.在氨基酸的最大激发波长μex并在选定的最佳波长差△λ的条件下测定相应氨基酸的同步荧光信号.试验发现:对不同的氨基酸,其λex,△λ和所生成的荧光化合物的相对荧光强度以及线性范围均稍有差异.以丙氨酸为例,在λex为387 nm,△λ为85 nm及扫描速率为1 000 nm·min-1的条件下进行测定,所得线性回归方程为y=49.03 x 148.11(r=0.999 2),线性范围为1.0～10.0 mg·L-1.应用此方法测定了蜂蜜样品中游离氨基酸的总量,在此基础上进行回收试验,测得回收率的平均值为99.3%.     

氨基酸-乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定水样中甲醛

试验了用氨基酸代替氨水或乙酸铵作为胺源的条件下,乙酰丙酮与甲醛反应生成有色化合物的适宜条件并提出了氨基酸-乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定水中甲醛的方法。优化的试验条件如下:①0.12mol·L-1甘氨酸衍生剂用量为2mL;②反应温度为50℃;③反应时间为15min;④反应体系的pH为4.7。甲醛的质量浓度在0.2~1.0mg·L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,检出限为5μg·L-1。加标回收率均不小于98.0%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于4%。方法应用于地表水样中甲醛的测定,测定值与国标法测定结果相符。     

苯胺蓝-溴酸钾体系催化分光光度法测定水中痕量亚硝酸盐

在硫酸介质中,亚硝酸盐对溴酸钾氧化苯胺蓝褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此提出了测定痕量亚硝酸盐催化分光光度方法。优化的试验条件如下:1 1.0mol·L-1硫酸溶液的用量为1.8mL;2 3×10-4 mol·L-1苯胺蓝溶液用量为1.5mL;3 0.02mol·L-1溴酸钾溶液用量为1.1mL;4反应温度为30℃。该方法的线性范围分别为0.01~0.2mg·L-1和0.2~1.0mg·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为4.6×10-6g·L-1。方法用于水样的分析,回收率在96.0%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~2.3%之间。     

应用自制的自动化测定仪-流动注射-光纤光谱法测定纺织品中甲醛含量

用自制的自动化测定仪-流动注射-光纤吸收光谱仪测定了纺织品中甲醛的含量。甲醛与乙酰丙酮的显色反应在流动注射体系完成,乙酰丙酮的体积分数为0.5%,反应温度为80℃,在最大吸收波长414nm处测量体系的吸光度。甲醛的质量浓度在0.025~3.00mg·L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.025mg·L-1。对1.00mg·L-1甲醛标准溶液连续测定10次,相对标准偏差为0.95%。方法应用于纺织品样品的分析,测定结果与国标法测定值相符,回收率在96.5%~117%之间。     

β-环糊精/亚甲基蓝荧光探针直接测定葡萄糖

在pH 9.0的PBS介质中葡萄糖与亚甲基蓝反应,使亚甲蓝荧光猝灭。若换用β-环糊精/亚甲基蓝荧光探针,则体系的荧光猝灭强度大大提高。葡萄糖的质量浓度在0.02~26mg·L-1之间与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.002mg·L-1。据此,建立了以β-环糊精/亚甲基蓝为荧光探针直接测定葡萄糖的荧光分析方法。该体系最大激发波长为660nm,最大发射波长为678nm。加标回收率在97.4%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在均小于2.5%。     

荧光光谱法测定二氧化硫脲

在碱性加热的条件下,二氧化硫脲将没有荧光效应的硝基苯还原为具有较强荧光效应的苯胺,且苯胺的荧光强度与二氧化硫脲的浓度成线性关系。据此,提出了荧光光谱法测定二氧化硫脲的方法。优化的试验条件如下:1反应溶液的酸度为pH 9.6;21.000g·L-1硝基苯溶液的用量为2mL;3反应温度为70℃;4加热时间为15 min。二氧化硫脲的质量浓度在0.06~1.2mg·L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为3.1μg·L-1。以合成水样为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在93.3%~107%之间。     

同步导数荧光光谱法测定食品中3种芳香族氨基酸

提出了同步导数荧光光谱法同时测定食品中色氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸的方法。试验表明:为排除干扰,色氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸的特征同步导数荧光波长宜选定279,224,256 nm,波长差Δλ为55,70,25 nm条件下进行同步扫描。3种芳香族氨基酸的浓度分别在一定范围内与其导数荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限（3s/k）分别为6.3×10^-9,1.6×10^-8,4.0×10^-7mol·L^-1。方法用于蜂蜜、羊奶粉和啤酒样品中3种芳香族氨基酸的测定,回收率在92.3%～103%之间。     

催化动力学荧光光度法测定铬(Ⅵ)

基于铬(Ⅵ)对过氧化氢与靛蓝胭脂红之间的氧化还原反应的催化作用,对应用此催化反应作为测定痕量铬的催化动力学荧光光度法的基础进行了研究。优化的反应条件如下:在10mL总体积中依次加入1.0×10-3 mol·L-1靛蓝胭脂红溶液1.5mL,30%(w)过氧化氢溶液0.1mL及pH 4.0乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液3mL。在65℃条件下反应11min,迅速冷却至室温。在波长λex330nm和λem415nm处测其荧光强度,并计算ΔF(F-F0)值。所测得的ΔF值与铬(Ⅵ)的质量浓度在0.001~0.06mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系。检出限(3s/k)为0.004 4mg·L-1。应用此法分析了明胶胶囊,并进行了回收试验,测得平均回收率为98.0%。     

顺序注射荧光光谱法测定环境水中痕量西维因

利用农药西维因与β-环糊精在pH 5.0的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液中反应生成主客体包合络合物,导致西维因本身的特征荧光增强的现象,结合顺序注射进样方式提出了顺序注射荧光光谱法测定环境水样中痕量西维因的方法。试验得出仪器的主要工作条件:①进样方式:两区带;②环糊精的浓度:3.5mmol·L-1;③试样体积:240μL;④缓冲溶液体积:100μL;⑤测定流量:5.0mL·min-1;⑥扫描速率:12 000nm·min-1;⑦激发波长:280nm,发射波长:334nm。在设定条件下,西维因的质量浓度在0.90~210μg·L-1范围内与相对荧光强度呈线性关系。检出限(3s)为0.3μg·L-1。用此方法测定了河水、湖水和自来水样品中西维因含量,并在此3种样品的基体中加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在91.8%~109%之间。     

分光光度法测定废钴钼催化剂中的钴含量

应用分光光度法测定废钴钼催化剂中的钴含量。优化的试验条件如下:1测定波长530nm;2柠檬酸钠溶液(掩蔽剂)质量浓度为250g·L-1;3亚硝酸钠溶液(氧化剂)质量浓度为5g·L-1;45g·L-1亚硝基红盐溶液(显色剂)用量为5mL;5硫酸(1+1)溶液用量为10mL。钴的质量在0.35mg以内与吸光度呈线性关系,钴的检出限(3S/N)为10μg·L-1,加标平均回收率为98.9%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=15)为4.6%。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。