大体积固相萃取-气相色谱法测定海水中10种多氯联苯

采用大体积固相萃取-气相色谱法测定海水中10种多氯联苯的含量。海水样品采用大体积样品采样器与聚苯乙烯/二乙烯基苯固相萃取柱进行萃取。萃取流量为5.0mL·min-1,丙酮作为洗脱剂。用Agilent HP-5石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)分离,微池电子捕获检测器检测。10种多氯联苯的质量浓度均在10.0μg·L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.002 3~0.012μg·L-1之间。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.9%~1.3%之间,在0.5,1.5,4.0μg·L-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在80.7%~127%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定大鼠血浆中尼古丁及其药物代谢动力学研究

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定大鼠血浆中的尼古丁。血浆样品采用蛋白沉淀法净化,采用DB-Wax毛细管色谱柱分离,质谱中选择电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式,以茴香脑为内标进行定量。并采用PKSlover 2.0软件计算药代动力学参数。尼古丁的线性范围为0.10~2.0mg·L-1,检出限为4.59μg·L-1。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在85.0%~90.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3.0%。应用此方法考察了灌胃给药的大鼠血浆样品中尼古丁代谢动力学特点,主要动力学参数AUC0-t,AUC0-∞,Tmax和ρmax分别为8.570mg·L-1·h-1,10.49mg·L-1·h-1,1.0h,998.9μg·L-1,结果呈现药物代谢动力学过程。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿样中氰离子的含量

尿样1.00 mL,加入1.0 g·L-1乙酸-α-萘酯溶液10μL,涡旋混合10 min后,加入0.1 mol·L-1硫酸铜溶液0.1 mL,0.3 mol·L-1萘胺溶液0.5 mL,50.0 g·L-1亚硝酸溶液1 mL和1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液0.1 mL,涡旋混合3 min。所得溶液在4℃冷藏10 min,再于50℃加热10 min。离心后,取有机相采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱进行气相色谱分离。质谱分析中采用选择反应监测模式。氰离子的质量浓度在0.1~10 mg·L-1范围内与其色谱峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.015 mg·L-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在90.2%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于3.5%。     

超声辅助分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中的咖啡因

采用超声辅助分散液相微萃取技术结合高效液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中的咖啡因。将样品用水溶解配制成100g·L-1样品溶液,取7.5 mL样品溶液,加入三氯甲烷120μL和甲醇1.5mL,混匀后超声5min,离心后吸取5μL沉积相,在WondasilTM C18色谱柱上分离,以甲醇(1+1)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,紫外检测波长为274nm。咖啡因的线性范围为10.0~500μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为9μg·L-1。测定值的相对标准偏差为2.7%~4.1%,加标回收率在96.6%~104%之间。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鱼肉中22种磺胺类药物残留

结合QuEChERS前处理技术,提出了测定鱼肉中22种磺胺类残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品用含0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸的乙腈溶液提取后,经QuEChERS试剂盒净化。净化液在Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱上分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾正离子源及计划式多反应监测模式进行测定,以内标法定量。磺胺硝苯、磺胺、磺胺喹噁啉的线性范围为0.5~50μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg·L-1;其他19种磺胺类兽药的线性范围为0.1~50μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.1μg·L-1。加标回收率在78.2%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.4%~19%之间。方法用于鱼肉中多种磺胺类药物残留的快速测定,结果与标准方法测定结果一致。     

加速溶剂萃取分离-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中多溴二苯醚和六溴联苯的含量

称取经风干和剔除砂、石等杂质并研磨通过0.18 mm孔径筛的土壤样品2.000g与2.0g硅藻土混合,加入2 000μg·L-1同位素内标溶液(MBDE-MXFS)50μL和5 000μg·L-113C12-BDE-209标准溶液40μL,用正己烷-二氯甲烷(1+1)混合液进行加速溶剂萃取(ASE)。将所得萃取液浓缩至1~2mL,通过多层复合酸碱硅胶层析柱净化,用正己烷100mL洗脱,收集洗脱液,使其浓缩至1~2mL,再经氮吹浓缩至0.1mL,加入2 000μg·L-1 13C12-BDE-138进样内标溶液50μL,定容至1.0mL,进样进行气相色谱-质谱分析。测定三溴至七溴代二苯醚(BDEs)和六溴联苯(BB-153)时,按气相色谱-电子轰击离子源-低分辨质谱工作条件并选用Rtx-1614色谱柱(30m×250μm,0.10μm);测定BDE-209时,按气相色谱-负化学电离源-低分辨质谱工作条件并选用Rtx-1614色谱柱(15m×250μm,0.10μm)。测得BDE-209的线性范围为50.0~1 000μg·L-1,其余7种PBDEs和BB-153的线性范围均为5.00~500μg·L-1;检出限(3s)在0.04~0.51μg·L-1。用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为82.6%~112%;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.8%~8.6%。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定地表水和废水中的19种磺胺类抗生素北大核心CSCD

样品采集于棕色高密度聚乙烯瓶或玻璃瓶中,尽快进行前处理,于4℃保存不超过7d。水样经0.45μm滤膜过滤,移取1L,加入1g的Na2EDTA,用0.1mol·L-1 NaOH溶液调节样品溶液的pH至6.0,采用OASIS HLB固相萃取柱对待测物进行富集萃取,用10 mL水洗涤小柱,真空干燥10min,再用10mL甲醇洗脱待测物,收集洗脱液,氮吹浓缩至干,用初始流动相定容至1mL,加入1.00 mg·L-1的内标混合溶液50μL,过0.20μm亲水性聚丙烯滤膜后,采用HYPERSIL GOLD C18色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.9μm)分离待测物,以0.05%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。19种磺胺类抗生素的线性范围均为2.0~100μg·L^(-1),检出限(3.143s)在0.6~2.0ng·L-1之间。加标回收率为77.6%~134%,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.9%~11%。方法应用于测定地表水和养殖企业废水中的抗生素残留,地表水中仅检出两种目标物,质量浓度分别为2.60,2.10ng·L-1,养殖企业废水检出7种目标物,质量浓度在2.82~34.3ng·L-1之间。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定地表水和废水中的19种磺胺类抗生素

样品采集于棕色高密度聚乙烯瓶或玻璃瓶中,尽快进行前处理,于4℃保存不超过7d。水样经0.45μm滤膜过滤,移取1L,加入1g的Na2EDTA,用0.1mol·L-1 NaOH溶液调节样品溶液的pH至6.0,采用OASIS HLB固相萃取柱对待测物进行富集萃取,用10 mL水洗涤小柱,真空干燥10min,再用10mL甲醇洗脱待测物,收集洗脱液,氮吹浓缩至干,用初始流动相定容至1mL,加入1.00 mg·L-1的内标混合溶液50μL,过0.20μm亲水性聚丙烯滤膜后,采用HYPERSIL GOLD C18色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.9μm)分离待测物,以0.05%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。19种磺胺类抗生素的线性范围均为2.0~100μg·L~(-1),检出限(3.143s)在0.6~2.0ng·L-1之间。加标回收率为77.6%~134%,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.9%~11%。方法应用于测定地表水和养殖企业废水中的抗生素残留,地表水中仅检出两种目标物,质量浓度分别为2.60,2.10ng·L-1,养殖企业废水检出7种目标物,质量浓度在2.82~34.3ng·L-1之间。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定沉香中20种有机氯农药残留量

应用毛细管气相色谱法测定沉香中20种有机氯农药的残留量。样品以乙酸乙酯提取,提取液用凝胶色谱-固相萃取(GPC-SEP)进行净化。采用DB-1701P石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离样品,电子捕获检测器进行检测。20种有机氯农药的线性范围均为1~50μg·L-1,检出限均为0.1μg·kg-1。方法用于沉香样品分析,加标回收率在95.8%~114%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.3%~3.8%之间。     

超声衍生萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中茅草枯含量

以乙二胺四乙酸四钠盐为配位体,五氟苄基溴为衍生剂,取土壤样品(4.0g),石英砂(2g),Na4-EDTA(0.2g)和水1.0mL混匀并放置,使其水分挥发尽后加入丙酮4mL,300g·L-1五氟苄基溴溶液100μL和300g·L-1碳酸钾溶液100μL,进行超声衍生萃取。取上清液1.0mL,吹氮至近干,加入正己烷1.0mL,再次吹氮至近干,定容至1mL,按仪器工作条件进行测定。用HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱进行分离。质谱测定中用负化学离子源。线性范围为2.5~200μg·kg-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.34μg·kg-1。以土壤样品为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在89.1%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在9.9%~11%之间。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.