同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

提出了同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物含量的方法。样品用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1+1)混合液提取后,经DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择离子反应监测模式进行质谱测定,同位素内标法进行定量分析。23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的线性范围在0.2~3.0mg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.05~0.1mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在73.2%~122%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.49%~11%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定汽油中8种醚类和苯胺类添加剂

采用气相色谱-质谱法同时测定汽油8种醚类和苯胺类化合物。采用强极性离子液体色谱柱(SLB-1L 111毛细管色谱柱)分离样品,质谱中选择电喷雾离子源-选择离子监测模式,以苯乙酮为内标物进行定量分析。8种化合物的质量分数在10~10 000 mg·kg-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.2~2.0 mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在91.2%~111%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.18%~3.0%之间。     

气相色谱法测定修正类产品中10种苯类溶剂残留量

采用气相色谱法测定修正类产品中10种苯类溶剂的残留量。修正类产品样品用乙酸乙酯超声提取30min,用DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)分离,火焰离子化检测器检测。10种化合物的质量浓度均在0.20~100.0mg·L-1范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在1.8~2.1mg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在90.3%~113%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%~6.1%之间。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定可食性包装材料中3种工业酸性红染料

提出了高效液相色谱法同时测定可食性包装材料中3种工业酸性红染料(酸性红14、酸性红35和酸性红73)的方法。样品经超声波辅助提取,以C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,用10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液和甲醇以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用紫外检测器测定。3种酸性红染料的质量浓度均在5.0~80mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.08~0.15mg·kg-1之间。在10.0,20.0,30.0mg·L-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在89.4%~97.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.18%~1.6%之间。     

气相色谱法测定汽车表面涂装的12种挥发性有机物含量

采用气相色谱法测定汽车表面涂装的12种挥发性有机物的含量。样品中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)经活性炭富集,二硫化碳解析后,用DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)分离,火焰离子化检测器检测。12种挥发性有机物的质量浓度均在1.00~100mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限在0.012~0.100mg·m~(-3)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在67.0%~107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%~8.6%之间。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中20种邻苯二甲酸酯

提出了同时测定化妆品中20种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)。不含油脂和含油脂的化妆品样品分别以正己烷和乙腈为溶剂作超声固相萃取,使其所含邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物溶于有机相中。萃取液经Cleanert PAE30006-C柱净化,所得净化后溶液进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。质谱分析中采用电子轰击正离子模式(EI+)和选择离子监测(SIM)模式,用外标法定量。20种邻苯二甲酸脂类化合物的质量浓度在0.1~10mg·L~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.13~1.04 mg·kg~(-1)之间,样品加标回收率在79.2%~123%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.7%~12%之间。     

超声萃取-高效液相色谱法测定棉织物中5种荧光增白剂

应用超声萃取-高效液相色谱法测定棉织物中5种荧光增白剂的含量。棉织物样品在40℃温度下用二甲基甲酰胺-水(70+30)混合液超声提取20min。提取液按仪器工作条件进行色谱测定。分离中用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱为固定相,用乙腈和10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液以不同比例混合后作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。用二极管阵列检测器测定。5种荧光增白剂的质量浓度均在0.5~200.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.05~0.10mg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在1.2~2.1mg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在76.5%~103%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.6%~7.1%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定食用菌中10种荧光增白剂

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定食用菌中10种双三嗪氨基二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂的含量。色谱分离中,以Athena C18-WP色谱柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)为固定相,用乙腈和0.02mol·L-1乙酸铵溶液以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器测定,激发波长为350nm,发射波长为430nm。10种荧光增白剂的质量浓度均在2.0~100μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.002~0.005mg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在73.0%~121%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.90%~7.8%之间。     

超声萃取分离-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中的3种酰胺类化合物含量

采用超声萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺等3种酰胺类化合物的含量。样品经丙酮超声提取,在气相色谱分离中用DB-624色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描和选择离子监测模式。3种酰胺类化合物的质量浓度均在0.05~20.0mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.5~1.5mg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在85.3%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.5%~5.3%之间。     

气相色谱法测定建筑用粘接剂中6种磷酸酯的含量

提出了气相色谱法测定建筑用粘接剂中6种磷酸酯含量的方法。样品用甲醇超声提取15min。用HP-50+毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.53mm,1μm)分离,火焰光度检测器检测。6种磷酸酯在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积均呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.8~1.5mg·kg-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在2.5~5.0mg·kg-1之间。以空白建筑用粘接剂样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在83.2%~97.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.0%以内。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。