聚苯胺/二氧化钛复合薄膜的制备及其气敏性能

室温条件下, 运用静电力自组装和原位化学氧化聚合相结合的方法制备了聚苯胺/纳米二氧化钛(PANI/TiO2)复合薄膜和聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜, 并通过XPS和SEM对薄膜进行了分析表征. 采用平面叉指电极式器件制备了PANI/TiO2复合薄膜和PANI薄膜气体传感器, 研究了其在常温下对有毒气体NH3和CO 的敏感性能. 结果表明, PANI/TiO2复合薄膜较PANI薄膜具有更优的灵敏度和响应恢复特性.     

甲烷氧化菌素功能化金纳米层层自组装修饰电极上过氧化氢的催化还原

借助巯基试剂,在纳米金颗粒表面修饰生物活性物质Mb,制备保持有Mb生物活性的功能化金纳米巯基乙胺-Au NPs-Mb.采用UV-Vis、FTIR光谱和投射电镜表征其结构,该纳米颗粒分布均匀且粒径均一,并显著改善了金纳米颗粒团聚现象.以Mb功能化金纳米为基元,采用单层自组装及层层自组装方式将其修饰到裸金电极表面.各Mb或Mb-Cu电极的电化学测试并未借助电子传递媒介.配位Cu~(2+)后,修饰有Mb的单层及层层自组装修饰的催化还原能力均显著提升.其中Cu~(2+)配位的{巯基乙胺-Au NPs-Mb}3/Au修饰电极作为一种新型H2O2生物传感器,响应时间大约为2 s,米氏常数KappM为0.787 mmol/L,表现出了较强的还原H2O2的催化活性,且稳定性较好.     

基于血红蛋白/硒化镉量子点多层膜的H2O2生物传感器

合成了水溶性硒化镉(CdSe)量子点,利用组装技术和静电吸附作用,将带正电荷的血红蛋白(Hb)和带负电荷的CdSe量子点层层组装到壳聚糖(chit)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)表面,构建基于{Hb/CdSe}n多层膜的无电子媒介体的电流型生物传感器({Hb/CdSe}3/chit/GCE).运用紫外-可见吸收光谱、电致化学发光、交流阻抗和循环伏安技术来表征修饰膜,并研究传感器的作用机理、性能及分析应用.结果表明:与量子点薄膜法及量子点/血红蛋白复合物法等固载血红蛋白的其他方法相比,层层组装法能显著提高血红蛋白的固定量,保持血红蛋白的生物活性,增强传感器的灵敏度和稳定性.传感器检测H2O2的线性范围为4.0×10-8～4.8×10-6 mol·L-1(r=0.999 1),检测限为2.0×10-8mol·L-l.多层膜的电致化学发光研究,表明修饰电极有望用于电致化学发光传感器的制备.     

血红蛋白和SiO2凝胶层层组装膜在碳纳米管/金纳米粒子修饰电极界面上的直接电化学及电催化研究

以SiO2凝胶膜和蛋白质交互组装法固定血红蛋白(Hb), 对其进行了电化学和电催化研究. 首先制备碳纳米管/金纳米粒子复合材料修饰的MWNTs-Au/GC电极, 为防止蛋白质在电极表面流失, 将Hb和自制的SiO2凝胶膜交替滴涂到电极表面, 得到SiO2/Hb层层组装膜修饰电极, 即{SiO2/Hb}n/MWNTs-Au/GC电极, n=2为优化层数. Hb在{SiO2/Hb}2/MWNTs-Au/GC电极上仍能保持其特有的生物活性, 并能与电极进行稳定快速的电子直接转移, 同时表现出过氧化物酶特性, 对H2O2具有良好的生物电催化还原能力.     

基于硼酸-二醇特异性识别作用的层层组装薄膜对肌红蛋白的吸入及其电化学研究

合成了既含有苯硼酸(PBA)基团又含有羧酸基团的聚电解质PAA-PBA(PAA:聚丙烯酸).采用层层组装(Lb L)技术,利用PAA-PBA和葡聚糖(Dex)之间的硼酸-二醇特异性识别作用,在热解石墨电极(PG)表面构筑了{PAA-PBA/Dex}_nLb L薄膜,该薄膜从溶液中吸入肌红蛋白(Mb)形成{PAA-PBA/Dex}_n-Mb薄膜.采用循环伏安方法研究了{PAA-PBA/Dex}_n薄膜中Mb的直接电化学及对氧气和过氧化氢的电催化还原过程.结果表明,该薄膜为保持Mb的生物活性提供了良好的微环境,是一种新型的可固定蛋白质的Lb L薄膜,为设计基于酶的直接电化学生物传感器提供了新思路.     

基于石墨烯和金纳米棒复合物的过氧化氢电化学传感器

利用阴离子型聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护的带负电荷的还原态石墨烯(GN)与带正电荷的金纳米棒(AuNR)之间的静电吸附,通过层层自组装的方法研制出一种新型过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器。首先将PVP保护的石墨烯(PVP-GNs)吸附到表面干净的裸玻碳电极(GCE)上,再将PVP-GNs修饰的电极浸泡于金纳米棒溶液中,通过静电吸附将金纳米棒负载在PVP-GNs膜之上。以循环伏安及计时安培电流等方法对修饰电极的性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的PVP-GNs-AuNRs/GCE对H2O2的催化还原显示出好的电催化活性。测定H2O2的线性范围为25～712μmol/L;检出限(S/N=3)为7.5μmol/L。此传感器制作简单,具有响应快、稳定性好、灵敏度高等特点。     

表面蒸气溶胶-凝胶Al2O3薄膜电极上肌红蛋白的直接电化学研究

本文利用表面蒸气溶胶-凝胶沉积与层层组装技术相结合,成功制备了溶胶-凝胶三氧化二铝(SG-Al2O3)/肌红蛋白(Mb)层层组装薄膜修饰电极({SG-Al2O3/Mb}n)。通过实验确定了最优组装方式PG/PD-DA/{SG-Al2O3/Mb(pH 5.0)}n以及在表面蒸气溶胶-凝胶沉积过程中的最佳涂布水量2μL。考察了该薄膜修饰电极的循环伏安性质。实验表明:在pH 7.0缓冲溶液中,薄膜中的Mb在-0.34 V出现了一对可逆性良好的还原氧化峰,这是血红素辅基的电活性中心Fe(III)/Fe(II)氧化还原电对的特征峰,随着缓冲溶液pH值的增长,峰电位发生负移,式量电位E°’与pH值呈直线关系,其斜率为–42.4 mV/pH,随着扫描速度的增大,峰电流增大,且电流与扫描速度的平方根成正比。     

自支撑石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米纤维薄膜的制备及其电化学电容行为

用真空抽滤氧化石墨（GO）与聚苯胺（PANI）纳米纤维的混合分散溶液,流动组装得到自支撑GO/PANI复合薄膜,再利用气态水合肼还原其中的GO,最后重新氧化和掺杂还原态PANI,制备了自支撑石墨烯（GN）/PANI薄膜.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示,GN/PANI薄膜为层状结构,且PANI纳米纤维均匀插层于GN片间.PANI纳米纤维在复合薄膜中的存在有效增大了GN之间的层间距,有利于电解液离也GN充分接触.GN的高电导性则有利于PANI氧化还原过程中的电荷传输.电化学测试表明,GN/PANI薄膜在1 mol·L^-1HCl电解液中具有良好的电化学电容性能,在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下的比容量为495 F·g^-1,在3A·g^-1时为313 F·g^-1.经过2000次连续充放电,其具有90%的电容保持率,表明该复合材料具有良好的电化学稳定性.     

碳纳米管/聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵/磷钼酸复合膜的组装及其在溴酸盐检测中的应用

通过静电层层组装技术在玻碳(GC)电极表面制备{多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)}n多层膜,并采用循环伏安法在多层膜的表面电化学修饰一层磷钼酸(PMo12)膜,构筑GC/{MWCNT/PDDA}n-PMo12复合膜修饰电极.利用SEM对比观察{MWCNT/PDDA}n和{PDDA/MWCNT}n-PMo12的微观结构,并研究该复合膜修饰电极的电化学及其对溴酸盐(BrO3-)电催化还原性质.在此基础上研发一种基于GC/{MWCNT/PDDA}n-PMo12复合膜修饰电极的电流型BrO3-传感器,该传感器表现出明显增大的响应电流.在最优的实验条件下,采用电流时间曲线(i-t)法考察该复合膜修饰电极对BrO3-的安培响应.实验结果表明,该传感器在BrO3-浓度为50～400nmol/L的范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9950,响应时间为1.53s,检出限为20nmol/L,灵敏度为13.81mA(mmol/L)-1cm-2.     

PANI/TiO_2/SiW_(12)复合光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化性能

以(NH4)2S2O8为氧化剂,通过化学氧化法在TiO2颗粒表面包覆聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜制得PANI/TiO2。通过静电自组装方法将SiW412-键合在PANI/TiO2表面,制备了一种新型的复合光催化剂PANI/TiO2/SiW12(1),用UV-Vis,FT-IR,XRD和SEM等对1的结构和光吸收性能进行了表征。以刚果红为目标降解物,研究了1在太阳光下的光催化性能。结果表明,PANI的敏化作用拓宽了TiO2的光响应范围,提高了光能的利用率,增强了复合材料的光催化活性。1的光催化活性明显高于TiO2和PANI/TiO2,90 min降解率达83.94%。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.