3-氨基-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1-苯并氮杂革-2-酮的合成

以3-溴-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1-苯并氮杂--2-酮为起始原料,与苄胺反应制得3-苄氨基-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1-苯并氮杂(堇)-2-酮(2);2经5％ Pd/C催化加氢合成了3-氨基-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1-苯并氮杂——革)-2-酮(3),总收率90％.最佳氢化反应条件为:以无水乙醇为溶剂,5％ Pd/C用量为总用量的10％,于100℃/2.5 MPa条件下反应10 h,3的收率95.5％,纯度99.7％.5％ Pd/C可套用7次,收率稳定在95％左右.     

1,2,6,7-四氢-8H-茚并[5,4-b]呋喃-8-酮的合成新方法

发展了一条1,2,6,7-四氢-8H-茚并[5,4-b]呋喃-8-酮的新合成方法,以价廉、易得的对溴苯酚为原料,在无水碳酸钾作用下与2-溴乙醛缩二乙醇缩合后用多聚磷酸(PPA)环合得5-溴苯并呋喃,该中间体与丙烯酸甲酯在Pd(OAc)2催化下,经Heck偶合反应得3-(苯并呋喃-5-基)丙酸甲酯,在氢氧化钠水溶液中经Raney Ni催化氢化和水解一锅反应得3-(2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-基)丙酸,再经二溴代、Friedel-Crafts酰化反应和氢解脱溴,得1,2,6,7-四氢-8H-茚并[5,4-b]呋喃-8-酮,7步反应总收率49.9%.该方法原料易得、反应条件温和、操作简便、产物分离纯化容易,收率良好,适合大规模制备1,2,6,7-四氢-8H-茚并[5,4-b]呋喃-8-酮.     

Pd催化木质素醚类二聚体分子内氢转移断裂C—O键研究

结合氢转移方法,研究了木质素模型物2-(2'-甲氧基苯氧基)-1-苯乙醇(1a)分子在无外加氢源的条件下利用金属钯催化剂催化发生C—O键断裂反应.合成并表征了一系列Pd负载型催化剂,通过优化发现反应体系在环己烷溶剂和弱碱添加剂Na2HPO4条件下显示出较好的催化效率.结合反应特点将催化剂进行改进,使用MgO作为载体的催化剂Pd/MgO高效完成了木质素模型物的分子自供氢降解.反应过程可能分为两步进行:首先,模型物在钯表面先进行脱氢过程,含羟基的木质素模型物二聚体1a脱去氢后生成酮式中间体2-(2'-甲氧基苯氧基)-1-苯乙酮(1b),被脱去的氢原子吸附于钯表面.随后,脱氢中间体1b在Pd催化下与其表面吸附的H作用,发生催化C—O键断键过程.     

Pd(OH)2纳米粒子的制备、结构表征及其在HBIW催化氢解中的应用

2,4,6,8,10,12－六硝基－2,4,6,8,10,12－六氮杂异伍兹烷（HNIW）作为目前威力最大的单质炸药,日益受到各国国防和航空工业的重视^[1,2]。HNIW的合成,大体上分为缩合、催化氢解和硝化三步。在原料2,4,6,8,10,12－六氯杂异伍兹烷（HNIW）作为目前威力 最大的单质炸药,日前受到各国国防和航空工业的重视^[1,2]。HNIW的合成,大体上分为缩合、催化氢解和硝化三步。在原料2,4,6,8,10,12－六苄基－2,4,6,8,10,12-氮杂异伍兹烷（HBIW,化合物1）催化氢解中,催化剂Pd(OH)2/C因制备和回收工艺繁锁而成本较高,是造成HNIW生产成本居高不下的主要原因^[3]。改进催化氢解的催化剂,对HNIW的工业化生产具有重要意义。很多催化剂的催化效率随催化剂颗粒减小到纳米量级而显著提高[4,5],Pd(OH)2纳米粒子催化活性可望超过Pd(OH2)/C催化剂,用于催化氢解中。本文用共沸蒸馏法对自制的水合Pd(OH)2进行脱水处理,首次制得了Pd(OH)2纳米粒子。采用高分辨率透射电镜、激光动态光散射、紫外－可见吸收研究了Pd(OH)2纳米粒子的微观结构,并比较了Pd(OH)2纳米粒子和Pd(OH)2/C在化合物1催化氢解中的活性。     

加兰他敏重要中间体溴那维定的合成

以6-溴异香草醛和酪胺为原料,经一锅法进行连续的两步还原胺化制得N-甲基-N-(4-羟基苯乙基)-2-溴-5-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲胺(4),收率85%。以5%聚乙二醇为相转移催化剂,氯仿为溶剂,铁氰化钾为氧化剂,对4进行氧化偶联,合成了加兰他敏的重要中间体溴那维定,收率39%,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS确证。     

磷酸特地唑胺的合成新方法

以(5R)-3-(4-溴-3-氟苯基)-5-羟甲基噁唑烷-2-酮为起始原料,在[PdCl₂(dppf)]·CH₂Cl₂催化下与联硼酸频那醇酯反应得到硼化物,继而与5-溴-2-(2-甲基-2H-四唑-5-基)吡啶进行Suzuki反应得到特地唑胺,收率82.9%。 分别考察了催化体系对硼化反应和Suzuki反应的影响,确定了较佳的反应条件。 特地唑胺与二苄基N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺反应得到二苄基保护的磷酸特地唑胺,随后经Pd/C脱苄得到磷酸特地唑胺,总收率66.2%。     

具有叶绿素-a基本骨架的20-meso-位取代二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(MPa)为起始原料,分别与氯化、溴化和硫酸重氮苯进行偶联反应,其主要产物为20-卤素取代或者亚硝基取代的二氢卟吩,仅以微量产率的得到期待的产物.焦脱镁叶绿酸的锌配合物与3-N,N-二甲胺基丙烯醛的Vilsmeier反应生成20-甲酰乙烯基焦脱镁叶绿酸.焦脱镁叶绿酸-d与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的溴代反应生成单一的20-溴代产物,再经Wittig反应恢复乙烯基而得到20-溴代焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯.其它叶绿素降解产物的亲电取代反应均以较好的产率得到生成的20-meso-位取代的二氢卟吩衍生物.首次报道的具有叶绿素基本碳架的二氢卟吩衍生物的化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析得以证实.     

1,4-二氢-4-芳基-3,5-吡啶二羧酸酯的合成及表征

基于二氢吡啶化合物的构效关系, 设计了一系列1,4-二氢-4-芳基-3,5-吡啶二羧酸酯新化合物. 含有易于水解基团的1,4-二氢-4-芳基-3,5-吡啶二羧酸酯类化合物在碱性条件下水解合成了重要中间体1,4-二氢-4-芳基-3,5-吡啶二羧酸单酯, 收率93%～99.8%. 该二羧酸单酯与α-溴代芳基乙酮在相转移剂催化下反应合成目标化合物, 收率74%～99%. 中间体和目标化合物经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, MS和元素分析等确证.     

2′,4-二羟基-4′,6′-二甲氧基-二氢查尔酮的首次全合成

以2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮和对羟基苯甲醛为起始原料,经选择性的甲基化,甲氧甲基化,羟醛缩合,还原,脱保护等反应首次完成了2′,4-二羟基-4′,6′-二甲氧基-二氢查尔酮(1)的全合成,总收率40%。1和中间体的结构经1HNMR,IR和MS表征。     

新型双螺环吡咯酮氧化吲哚并二氢色原酮类化合物的合成

以色酮3-羟甲基为原料,在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP) 催化下与(Boc)₂O反应生成中间体A; A在三级胺DABCO催化下与3-异硫氰酸酯氧化吲哚发生Michael加成环化反应,合成了11个未见文献报道的双螺环吡咯酮氧化吲哚并二氢色原酮类化合物(3a~3k)，收率70%~87%， dr值为2/1~4/1,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）表征。     

采用通透性处理的安大略假丝酵母全细胞高效合成(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇(英文)

考察了利用安大略假丝酵母(Candida ontarioensis)静息细胞不对称催化2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙酮合成(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇的转化反应条件.结果表明,当底物浓度为10g/L时,在最适转化条件下反应72h,产物的ee值和产率分别达到99.9%和99.0%.采用4g/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对Candida ontarioensis细胞于4℃通透性处理20min后,全细胞的酶活提高2倍以上.当底物浓度提高为30g/L,转化24h后,产物的ee和产率分别达到99.9%和97.5%.该研究为高效制备(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇提供了可行途径,并为生物催化合成芳基手性醇类手性中间体提供了理论指导。     

(2S,4S)-苯甲基-2-(6-氟-1H-吲哚-3-羰基)-4-羟基-吡咯烷-1-羧酸酯的合成

以4-羟基-L-脯氨酸为原料,经Cbz保护、偶联、Mitsunobu反应和水解合成了抗肿瘤新药Birinapant的重要中间体--(2S,4S)-苯甲基-2-(6-氟-1H-吲哚-3-羰基)-4-羟基吡咯烷-1-羧酸酯,总收率83%,其结构经¹H NMR和ESI-MS确证。     

A practical procedure for the synthesis of esonarimod, (R,S)-2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid,an antirheumatic agent (part 1)

An efficient and practical procedure for the synthesis of esonarimod, (R,S)-2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (1), a new antirheumatic drug, has been developed. The intermediate, 2-methylene-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (2), was prepared by Friedel-Crafts acylation of toluene with itaconic anhydride (3) in the presence of aluminum trichloride and nitrobenzene in 63% yield without silica gel column purification. Compound 1 was prepared by Michael addition of 2 with thioacetic acid (4) in 74% yield. Overall, 1 was obtained in 47% yield from 3. The structures and synthetic mechanisms of by-products (five compounds) of 2 were also clarified.     

Efficient synthesis of an imidazole-substituted delta-amino acid by the integration of chiral technologies

Two methods to produce (2S)-5-amino-2-(1-n-propyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-pentanoic acid were investigated. Diastereoisomeric salt resolution, using the quinidine salt, gave the desired intermediate in 98% ee and 33% yield. Asymmetric hydrogenation of various substrates gave high conversions, with up to 83% ee. Integration of these two approaches via asymmetric hydrogenation of a quinidine salt substrate followed by crystallization provided the desired intermediate in 94% ee and 76% yield.     

5-对羟基苄基-2,4-噻唑烷二酮的合成

以对甲氧基苯胺为原料,经3步反应合成了胰岛素增敏剂噻唑烷二酮类药物的关键中间体5-(4-羟基苄基)-2,4-噻唑烷二酮,总收率20.4%,其结构经1HNMR确证。     

2-氯甲基-3-甲基-4-[(3-甲氧基)丙氧基]-吡啶盐酸盐的合成

以2,3-二甲基吡啶为原料,经6步反应合成了雷贝拉唑的关键中间体--2-氯甲基-3-甲基-4-[(3-甲氧基)丙氧基]-吡啶盐酸盐,总收率14.1%.     

富马酸福莫特罗的合成工艺研究

富马酸福莫特罗作为特效哮喘治疗药物被临床广泛应用,本文对其合成工艺进行了研究并对重要中间体的合成工艺进行了优化。以4-羟基-3-硝基-苯乙酮为原料,经苄基化、溴代、还原、环氧化四步反应得到重要中间体4-苄氧基-3-硝基苯基环氧乙烷(3)。在制备中间体3时,采用一锅法,简化了反应步骤,同时在反应中加入了缚酸剂碳酸钾,加快了反应速率并提高了收率。此外,以对甲氧基苯基丙酮为原料,经过还原胺化反应一步生成另一个重要中间体1-(4-甲氧基苯基-2-甲基乙基)苄胺(4)。中间体3和4经偶合生成化合物5,在制备5时,采用微波合成,大大缩短了反应时间。中间体5再经硝基还原、甲酰化、去保护、成盐得到富马酸福莫特罗。该工艺操作简单,适合工业化生产,总收率达7. 46%。     

Synthesis of (-)-quinocarcin by directed condensation of alpha-amino aldehydes

An enantioselective synthesis of the natural antiproliferative agent quinocarcin was achieved by the directed condensation of optically active alpha-amino aldehyde intermediates. Condensation of the N-protected alpha-amino aldehyde 1, prepared in eight steps (19% yield) from (R,R)-pseudoephedrine glycinamide, with the C-protected alpha-amino aldehyde derivative 2, prepared in seven steps (34% yield) from (R,R)-pseudoephedrine glycinamide, afforded the corresponding imine in quantitative yield. Without isolation, direct treatment of this imine intermediate with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and hydrogen cyanide led to cleavage of the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protective group followed by addition of cyanide (Strecker reaction) to form the bis-amino nitriles 3 as a mixture of diastereomers, in 91% yield. Treatment of the diastereomers 3 with trimethylsilyl cyanide and zinc chloride in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 60 degrees C led to stepwise cyclization to form the tetracyclic product 4 (42% yield from 1 and 2). The latter intermediate was transformed into (-)-quinocarcin (1) in five steps (45% yield). The yield of quinocarcin was 19% from 1 and 2 (7 steps), and 4% from pseudoephedrine glycinamide (15 steps).     

Total synthesis of the tricyclic marine alkaloids (-)-lepadiformine, (+)-cylindricine c, and (-)-fasicularin via a common intermediate formed by formic acid-induced intramolecular conjugate azaspirocyclization

A very short and efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the tricyclic marine alkaloids (-)-lepadiformine (3), (+)-cylindricine C (1c), and (-)-fasicularin (4) has been developed utilizing the formyloxy 1-azaspiro[4.5]decane 5 as a common intermediate. The key strategic element for the synthesis was the formic acid-induced intramolecular conjugate azaspirocyclization, which proved to be a highly efficient and stereoselective way to rapid construction of the 1-azaspirocyclic substructure of these natural products in a single operation. Thus, the common intermediate 5, synthesized in two steps with 70% overall yield starting from the known (S)-N-Boc-2-pyrrolidinone 7 via the conjugate spirocyclization using an acyclic ketoamide 6, was utilized for the concise and stereoselective total synthesis of (-)-lepadiformine (3), which was accomplished in seven steps with 45% overall yield from 5 (31% yield from 7). The developed strategy based on the conjugate spirocyclization was also applied to the stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-cylindricine C (1c), which was achieved in 10 steps from 5 in 18% overall yield (12% yield from 7). Further application of this approach using 5 led to the synthesis of (-)-fasicularin (4), wherein an extremely efficient method for the introduction of the thiocyanato group via an aziridinium intermediate at the last step was developed. Thus, the highly efficient first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-fasicularin was accomplished in nine steps with an overall yield of 41% from 5 (28% yield from 7).