Ba调变复合氧化物LaxBa1-xNiAl11O19-δ催化剂的制备和性能表征

制备了Ba调变Ni基复合氧化物催化剂LaxBa1-xNiAl11O19-δ,并通过XRD、XPS、TPR、TEM、BET和TGA等技术对催化剂的结构、性质和对甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气反应的催化性能以及催化剂表面积炭情况进行了表征.结果表明,Ba调变后复合氧化物的微观结构随Ba调变量发生规律性变化,但结构的改变对催化剂的理化性质和催化性能均无明显影响,该系列Ni基复合氧化物都具有较好的催化活性以及较高的抗烧结和抗积炭性能,是甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气反应选择氧化的良好催化剂.     

微波辐照引发甲烷部分氧化制合成气 Ⅱ.Ni/La2O3,Ni/ZrO2,Co/La2O3和Co/ZrO2的催化性能

甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气所用的催化剂主要是负载型Rh、Ni等过渡金属催化剂和复合(或混合)氧化物催化剂等[1～9].其中以活性组分Rh的催化活性最佳,稳定性也最好.但由于Rh的价格昂贵,因而其应用受到限制.Chen等[3]曾比较了第一系列过渡金属催化剂的催化活性,结果发现,只有Ni和Co对POM反应具有较高的活性和选择性.     

无气相氧条件下La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0.1O3钙钛矿氧化物的氧物种直接氧化甲烷

以La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3钙钛矿氧化物作氧载体,采用连续流动反应和连续顺序Redox反应考察了氧物种氧化甲烷的反应性能.结果表明,连续流动反应中La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种能选择氧化甲烷生成合成气.在适宜的再氧化条件下,通过连续顺序Redox反应实现了La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种氧化甲烷连续生成合成气,消耗的氧物种可通过与气相氧反应而得到补充.但随着Redox反应的进行,氧化物的持续供氧性能下降,钙钛矿结构被破坏.     

甲烷催化部分氧化制合成气的反应机理

借助脉冲反应、质谱-程序升温表面反应（MS-TPSR）等技术研究了Ni／α-Al2O3催化剂上甲烷催化部分氧化制合成气（POM）的反应机理．结果表明,NiO上CH4不能解离产生H2只有当NiO被CH4还原为Ni0后,CH4才能解高产生H2,Ni0是CH4活化和POM反应的活性相;POM反应机理遵循直接氧化机理,CH4和O2均在Ni0上活化,活化过程形成的Ni…C和Niδ…Oδ物种是反应历程中的关键物种,Niδ …Oδ物种高选择性地与CH4解离产生的碳物种Ni…C反应生成CO．     

稀土钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂上CO低温氧化性能研究

研究了稀土钙钛矿型氧化物La1-xA′xCo1-yBiyO3-δ(A′z=Ba0.2,Sr0.4;y=0,0.2)催化剂上一氧化碳低温氧化反应.XRD结果表明这4个催化剂均为单相立方钙钛矿结构.18O2和CO脉冲实验结果表明Sr掺杂催化剂的晶格氧活动度和反应性比Ba掺杂的强.TPR结果表明Bi的掺杂降低了催化剂的还原温度,提高了催化活性,且Sr取代部分La比Ba取代部分La更有利于增加催化活性.我们认为,Sr.(或Ba)和Bi的掺杂引起的催化活性的提高与氧空位浓度的增加,Co和Bi离子氧化-还原循环的改善以及晶格氧活动度的增加密切相关.     

六铝酸盐SrNiAl11O19-δ催化二氧化碳重整甲烷制合成气反应研究

本文通过品格取代作用,制备了以Ni为活性组分的六铝酸盐复合氧化物催化剂SrNiAl11O19-δ并通过XRD,XPS,TPR等实验技术,对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征.结果表明,六铝酸盐SrNiAl11O19-δ对二氧化碳重整甲烷制合成气反应具有良好的催化活性和稳定性,在780℃反应2小时,CH,和CO2转化率分别为95.0%和93.4%,没有发现活性组分Ni高温烧结和催化剂失活.     

添加贵金属的Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

甲烷部分氧化制合成气因其高空速、高转化率、低H2/CO比而引起人们的重视[1～5].本文研究了在Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂中添加的Rh、Ru、Pt和Pd等贵金属在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中的催化作用,重点研究了添加Pt对Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂反应性能的影响.     

加压条件下BaNi0.3Al11.7O19-δ催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

 考察了加压(0.2～1.0 MPa)条件下BaNi0.3Al11.7O19-δ催化剂对甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气反应的催化性能,并且与LiLaNiOx/γ-Al2O3的POM催化性能进行了比较. BaNi0.3Al11.7O19-δ催化剂具有良好的POM催化性能,在850 ℃和1.0 MPa下,可得到75%的甲烷转化率和85%的CO选择性. 在60 h的连续实验中,催化剂活性及选择性基本保持不变,显示出较高的催化稳定性. 用XRD,XPS和TG/DTA表征手段研究了反应前后催化剂的晶体结构、表面性质以及积碳行为,结果表明该催化剂具有较强的抗Ni流失和抗积碳能力. BaNi0.3Al11.7O19-δ 的六铝酸盐结构中Ni离子和相邻原子之间的相互作用使其具有较高的热稳定性及结构稳定性,从而显示出良好的POM催化活性和稳定性.     

流化床反应器中Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

催化甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气已成为替代水蒸气重整最有希望的工艺过程之一[1]. 该过程是个温和的放热反应,反应速度非常快,在高空速下可实现高甲烷转化,并且制得的合成气V(H2)/V(CO)=2, 可直接用于合成甲醇及F-T合成烃类、合成二甲醚等后续工业过程. 到目前为止,大部分POM的研究工作在固定床反应器中进行[2～4]. 由于反应速度极快,导致催化剂表面存在热点[2,5], 不仅影响实验的准确性[6,7], 而且工业应用困难. 热点的存在还会导致活性组分Ni的烧结和流失. 在固定床反应器中,催化剂积炭也是导致其活性下降的重要原因[8,9]. Bharadwaj等[10]发现,流化床反应器Rh和Ni催化剂上甲烷转化率高达90%, 反应后催化剂未发现积炭. Santos等[11]曾报道采用流化床催化剂床层几乎可以实现等温分布,而且甲烷转化率接近热力学平衡值, 反应10 h后催化剂表面积炭量仅为0.6%. 本文采用流化床反应器考察了不同反应条件下Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化的反应性能,同时对催化剂积炭及稳定性作了初步研究.     

钙钛矿型La0.8Sr0.2FeO3中的晶格氧用于甲烷选择氧化制取合成气

 用自燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型La0．8Sr0．2FeO3催化剂．用H2－TPR考察了催化剂表面的氧消耗过程，用程序升温表面反应（TPSR）研究了甲烷与催化剂表面氧物种的反应，用在线质谱脉冲反应和甲烷／氧切换反应研究了催化剂的晶格氧选择氧化甲烷制合成气．结果表明，催化剂上存在两种氧物种，无气相氧存在时，强氧化性氧物种首先将甲烷氧化为CO2和H2O；而后提供的氧化性较弱的晶格氧具有良好的甲烷部分氧化选择性，可将甲烷氧化为合成气CO和H2（选择性可达95％以上）．在900℃下的CH4／O2切换反应结果表明，甲烷能与La0．8Sr0．2FeO3中的晶格氧反应选择性地生成CO和H2，失去晶格氧的La0．8－Sr0．2FeO3能与气相氧反应恢复其晶格氧．在合适的反应条件下，用La0．8Sr0．2FeO3催化剂的晶格氧代替分子氧按Redox模式实现甲烷选择氧化制合成气是可能的．     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.