聚乙二醇型聚氨酯软硬段对其相变储热性能的影响

以不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)为软段,MDI-BDO为硬段,采用两步法溶液聚合合成一种具有固-固相变储热性能的聚氨酯材料.通过DSC,WAXD等测试手段对体系的软硬段结晶性,微相分离,相变可逆性及循环热稳定性进行研究,结果表明,聚氨酯中硬段的存在对软段结晶有着很大的影响,当软段分子量达到2000或以上时,软段才具有较大的结晶度和熔融相变焓,且硬段含量必须高于一定值才能形成较为完善的物理交联网络以保证材料在发生相变时维持固体状态.同时符合这两个条件的试样能具有较好的固-固相变储热性能.就软段PEG含量及分子量对材料储热性能的影响进行了研究,通过调节软段含量与分子量得到一系列具有不同相变焓和相变温度的聚氨酯固-固相变储热材料.经测试还发现,该材料具备很好的相变可逆性和循环热稳定性,是一类很有开发前景的相变储热材料.     

混合高级醇固-液相变储热材料的研究

相变储热材料研究与开发是国内外的一个新兴领域[1-6]。为了解决一些仪器的内部散热问题,本文研究了混合高级醇固-液相变储热材料的凝固和熔化特性、相变焓值、固液相体积以及石墨粉对材料的导热性能。1实验部分1·1试剂与仪器CDR-1型差动热分析仪-配微机处理系统,上海天平仪器     

三甲醇丙烷—季戊四醇固体溶液的热容和相变焓

前曾报道季戊四醇在461.60K有一个固-固相变,其相交含为41.37kJmol~(-1)。但是,作为低温储能材料,该物质的相变温度偏高。从有关固-固相变储能材料的热力学研究中,我们发现三甲醇丙烷-季戊四醇固体溶液具有较低的固-固相变温度。本文测定了三甲醇丙烷-季戊四醇(摩尔比60:40)固体溶液的相变热参数和热容。     

纤维素丙酸酯-g-二乙二醇正十六烷基醚固-固相变材料的制备及性能

以二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)为催化剂,微晶纤维素为骨架材料,二乙二醇正十六烷基醚(E2C16)为相变材料,采用化学接枝法制备了系列纤维素丙酸酯-g-二乙二醇正十六烷基醚(CP-g-E2C16)固-固相变材料.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)对CP-g-E2C16相变材料的结构和热性能进行了表征.结果表明,得到了E2C16的取代度和接枝含量分别为0.12~0.37和17.1%~33.4%的CP-g-E2C16固-固相变材料.CP-g-E2C16接枝共聚物的相变温度和相变焓分别为25~34℃和40~62 J/g,符合人的体感舒适温度范围.CP-g-E2C16固-固相变材料的耐热温度高于237℃,与E2C16相比提高21~40℃,有望应用于熔融纺丝法制备纤维素基储热调温纤维领域.     

四氯合金属(Ⅱ)酸正烷铵在280—500K间的热力学性质和相变Ⅱ.四氯合锌(Ⅱ)酸正十二烷铵

在利用相变焓储存太阳能等低温热能的研究中,人们已发现无机水合盐类物质有凝析、过冷以及熔化后液体易漏出等缺点.解决这些问题的途径之一是开发固-固相变低温储能材料.(RNH_3)_2MX_4(R=长链正烷基,M=Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Fe和Zn等二价金属,X=Cl或Br)在300—380K间有相变焓很大的固-固相变,是很有开发前景的固-固相变低温储能材料.我们在第Ⅰ报中报道过(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2MnCl_4的绝热量热学研究结果,本文将报道(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2ZnCl_4(1)在280—500K间的热力学性质和相变热参数.     

四氯合金属(II)酸正烷铵在280-500K间的热力学性质和相变 II: 四氯合锌(II)酸正十二烷铵

研究了四氯合锌(II)酸正十二烷铵(C12H25NH3)2ZnCl4(1)]在280-500K间的热力学性质和相变热参数. 据报导(RNH3)MX4型化合物在300-380K间有相变焓很大的固-固相变, 是很有开发前景的固-固相变低温储能材料, 本文为(1)的应用提供了精确的热数据.     

PEG-沸石固-固相变材料的制备及性能

摘要：采用接枝共聚法合成了以聚乙二醇（PEG）为相变物质,沸石为骨架的PEG沸石固-固相变材料。通过红外光谱（FT—IR）、热失重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）等测试手段对PEG-沸石固-固相变材料的结构、相变行为及热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：通过改变PEG的分子量,可以得到不同相变焓和不同相变温度的PEG-沸石固-固相变材料,其相变焓可达105．41J／g,热稳定性良好,起始分解温度高于300℃。     

正三十烷定型纳米储热材料热性质

相变储热系统(LTES)可用于太阳能利用、建筑物调温、余热回收及电能错峰调节。本文将正三十烷(C_(30))吸附到有纳米孔的多孔材料(可控孔径玻璃CPGs、硅胶SGs)中,制成定型纳米相变储热材料(nano-PCMs,C_(30)/CPG,C_(30)/SG)。用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量其相变温度(储热温度)及储热密度,显示两者均与孔径成反比关系。通过调节多孔材料的孔径,C_(30)/CPG复合材料的储热温度最大可在6℃范围内调节,C_(30)/SG材料最大在近9℃范围内调节。该类材料过冷度与纯C_(30)比没有明显增加,熔化过程储热密度没有明显降低,使用过程形状固定、不会出现泄漏。实验结果,为石蜡类可调温度纳米储热材料的使用,提供理论依据。     

2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇在275-510 K间的热容和相变

许多多元醇在270-500K间具有相变焓很大的固-固相变,是一类潜在的固-固相变低温储能物质。2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇是一种重要的多元醇,除在化工方面有广泛的应用外,在低温储能方面也有相当乐观的开发前景。它的有关热性质虽已有一些DSC研究报道,但数据精度较差并缺乏系统性。作为系统研究多元醇及其固体溶液热力学性质工作的一部份,本文将报道2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇在275—500K间的热容和相变,并根据所测其固-固相变焓数据讨论该物质被破坏的平均氢键键能。     

一种致密的相变储能微胶囊的制备与表征

制备了以聚脲为第一壁材、苯乙烯-二乙烯苯为第二壁材,以相变点在16℃左右的石蜡为芯材的相变储能微胶囊。采用红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析测试技术表征了制备的相变储能微胶囊的结构组成以及热性能;采用溶剂淋洗法研究了影响包覆率的因素。结果表明,相变储热微胶囊是复合相变材料,微胶囊的热稳定性好,致密性优良;通过对水油比、乳化剂及苯乙烯-二乙烯苯用量等各因素对微胶囊包覆率影响的讨论,得出在水与油质量比3.2,乳化剂相对于水的质量分数为2%时,加入苯乙烯与二乙烯苯质量比为10∶1混合液的质量分数为6.0%时,其包覆率达81.14%;制备的微胶囊能耐较高温度,在150℃以下无质量损失,且微胶囊储热能力高达80J/g。同时发现,储热能力与芯壁比有关,比值越大储热潜能越高。     

天然产物退热碱和异退热碱的不对称合成进展

天然产物退热碱和异退热碱以及类似结构化合物表现出优异的抗疟疾活性,且未见产生耐药性的报道.本文综述了它们的各种不对称合成方法,评价了其优缺点,并简要介绍了其衍生物的合成.     

Recent advances and challenges in the recovery and purification of cellular exosomes

Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by most cellular types that carry important biochemical compounds throughout the body with different purposes, playing a preponderant role in cellular communication. Because of their structure, physicochemical properties and stability, recent studies are focusing in their use as nanocarriers for different therapeutic compounds for the treatment of different diseases ranging from cancer to Parkinson's disease. However, current bioseparation protocols and methodologies are selected based on the final exosome application or intended use and present both advantages and disadvantages when compared among them. In this context, this review aims to present the most important technologies available for exosome isolation while discussing their advantages and disadvantages and the possibilities of being combined with other strategies. This is critical since the development of novel exosome‐based therapeutic strategies will be constrained to the effectiveness and yield of the selected downstream purification methodologies for which a thorough understanding of the available technological resources is needed.     

Phase diagrams for systems formed by manganese and rare earth metal oxides

We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various methods for representing P-T-x diagrams of three-component systems and their fragments in various coordinates.     

Analytical methods for studying the stability of pharmaceutical compositions and the compatibility of their components

A review of publications on studying the stability of pharmaceutical preparations and interactions of their components is presented. Volumetric and physical factors activating decomposition processes are considered. Specific features of mixture analysis by optical, chromatographic, and thermoanalytical methods are discussed together with the advantages and disadvantages of methods and possibilities of their combination.     

Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods for the determination of hydrazine and its methylated analogues

The review considers the main approaches used for the determination of hydrazine and its derivatives by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Examples of their determination in real samples are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed analysis scenarios are discussed and the trends of the method development are considered.     

A new method for fast and accurate derivation of molecular conformations

During molecular simulations, three-dimensional conformations of biomolecules are calculated from the values of their bond angles, bond lengths, and torsional angles. In this paper we study how to efficiently derive three-dimensional molecular conformations from the values of torsional angles. This case is of broad interest as torsional angles greatly affect molecular shape and are always taken into account during simulations. We first review two widely used methods for deriving molecular conformations, the simple rotations scheme and the Denavit-Hartenberg local frames method. We discuss their disadvantages which include extensive bookkeeping, accumulation of numerical errors, and redundancies in the local frames used. Then we introduce a new, fast, and accurate method called the atomgroup local frames method. This new method not only eliminates the disadvantages of earlier approaches but also provides lazy evaluation of atom positions and reduces the computational cost. Our method is especially useful in applications where many conformations are generated or updated such as in energy minimization and conformational search.     

抗抑郁药舍曲林的合成进展

综述了抗抑郁药舍曲林的各种合成方法，并评价了其优缺点。参考文献33篇     

食品色素和人体健康

食品的色泽是评价食品的指标之一。随着食品工业的发展和人们食用加工食品的增多,了解有关食品色素的知识显得非常必要。本文介绍了一些有关食品色素及对人体健康利与弊的知识。     

抗癫痫新药奥卡西平的合成进展

综述了抗癫痫药奥卡西平的各种合成方法，并评价了其优缺点。参考文献37篇     

度洛西汀的合成进展

介绍了近年来抗抑郁新药度洛西汀的各种合成方法，并评述了其优缺点。参考文献13篇。